Presentation plus

A first time for everything

Literature 4A.1

Literature 4A.2

Literature 4B.1

Literature 4B.2

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Link name

Link address

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Idea 1: Children younger than ten reported a different earliest memory in the second interview from the one they’d reported in the first interview.

Idea 2: The children aged ten and over reported the same memory in both interviews.

It is a logical conclusion.

1, 2 and 3 aren’t logical.

1 Not all Bradley Cooper films are

necessarily good – some are good; others

could be terrible.

2 Jane doesn’t necessarily order steak

when she goes to the restaurant.

3 I might eat and drink lots of unhealthy

things as well as eating apples.

1 Tom cried because a dog stole his ice cream.

2 Alice cried because they couldn’t get out of the
car when it broke down.

3 No, it isn’t. The research suggests that children
   younger than four or five do form memories, but
   that what we remember about our very early
   lives changes as we get older.

4 The researchers asked children to
describe their first memories and how
old they’d been when the event occurred.

5 Two years passed between the first and second

interviews.

6 Nearly all of them said something very different
in the second interview.

7 Many of them described exactly the same
memory in the second interview.

8 Researchers are now trying to answer the
question of why children remember certain
events and not others.

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happy

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1 Tom cried because a dog stole his ice cream.

2 Alice cried because they couldn’t get out of the car when it broke down.

3 No, it isn’t. The research suggests that children younger than four or five do form memories, but that what we remember about our very early lives changes as we get older.

4 The researchers asked children to describe their first memories and how old they’d been when the event occurred.

5 Two years passed between the first and second interviews.

6 Nearly all of them said something very diff erent in the second interview.

7 Many of them described exactly the same memory in the second interview.

8 Researchers are now trying to answer the question of why children remember certain events and not others.

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Idea 1: Children younger than ten reported a different earliest memory in the second interview from the one they’d reported in the first interview.

Idea 2: The children aged ten and over reported the same memory in both interviews.

It is a logical conclusion.

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1, 2 and 3 aren’t logical.

1 Not all Bradley Cooper films are necessarily good – some are good; others could be terrible.

2 Jane doesn’t necessarily order steak when she goes to the restaurant.

3 I might eat and drink lots of unhealthy things as well as eating apples.

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stand out

look forward to

carry out

look into

sort out

blow out

break down

work out

1 looking forward to

2 broke down

3 looking into

4 stands out

5 work out

6 carrying out

7 work … out

1 They are looking into the robbery.

2 We have to look after them.

3 She blew out the candles. / She blew the candles out.

4 I need to sort out the problem. / I need to sort
the problem out.

1 broke down

2 looking forward to

3 hang out

4 sort out

5 looking after

6 give up

1 blow [the candles] out and 3 sort [it] out

separated

together

separated

between

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 stand out

2 look forward to

3 carry out

4 look into

5 sort out

6 blow out

7 break down

8 work out

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 looking forward to

2 broke down

3 looking into

4 stands out

5 work out

6 carrying out

7 work … out

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 blow [the candles] out and 3 sort [it] out

RULE

1 separated

2 together

3 separated

4 between

5 between

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 They are looking into the robbery.

2 We have to look after them.

3 She blew out the candles. / She blew the candles out.

4 I need to sort out the problem. / I need to sort the problem out.

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1 broke down

2 looking forward to

3 hang out

4 sort out

5 looking after

6 give up

Hello and welcome to my presentation. Today I’d like to talk to you about the history of the Internet. Now, for all of us, of course, it isn’t even possible to imagine life without the Internet. But we have to remember that it was only in the mid-1990s that it really started to become part of everyday life. Most of our parents grew up in a world without it!

It’s actually quite difficult to put an exact date on when the Internet was invented because lots of different people were working on similar projects at the same time. What I can tell you, though, is that the first email was sent in 1971 by a man called Ray Tomlinson and he sent it to himself. And what did it say? Ray himself can’t even remember, but he says it was probably something like ‘qwertyuiop’ – you know, that line of letters on a keyboard!

Well, we have to go forward another 20 years, to 1991, to see the first website to appear on the net. And guess what this website was about? It was, in fact, all about the World Wide Web itself. It explained what it was and how to use it to search for information. Of course, at that time, there wasn’t really very much information to find. But that changed very quickly. Soon we were all using the Internet to do more and more things, like shopping. In 1995, the shopping site Amazon came online. The first thing ever bought on Amazon was a book about science.

The Internet also allowed us to speak to each other more easily, and services like Skype also meant that finally we could see the person we were talking to. The first sentence actually spoken on Skype in 2003 was in Estonian, I’ll have a try. It was something like ‘Tere, kas sa kuuled mind?’, which in English means ‘Hello, can you hear me?’ It was said by someone in the team that developed the program.

These days, we all use social media to keep in touch with our friends and most of us probably use Facebook. But it’s incredible to think that Facebook was only founded in 2004. The first person to have a Facebook account was Mark Zuckerberg, who helped set it up. His account number was four because the first three account numbers had been used in tests.

Finally, a quick word about video. YouTube is, of course, the biggest video site, but it was only started in 2005. The first video was of the man who helped create it, Jawed Karim, at San Diego Zoo. It’s been watched more than 10 million times.

So, as you can see, the Internet as we know it hasn’t really been with us for very long at all. And yet in that short time it has grown incredibly. Who knows where it’s going next?

Thanks for listening. Has anyone got any questions?

So, as you can see, the Internet as we know it hasn’t really been with us for very long at all. And yet in that short time it has grown incredibly. Who knows where it’s going next?

Thanks for listening. Has anyone got any questions?

1991

The World Wide Web

1971

Ray Tomlinson

Mark Zuckerberg

Jawed Karim at San Diego Zoo

10 million

A book about science

1995

Hello, can you hear me?

Estonian

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1 the first email was sent

2 the first webpage was launched

3 the first item was bought on Amazon

4 the first sentence was said on Skype

5 the first Facebook account was opened

6 the first YouTube video was uploaded

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1 When? 1991

About? The World Wide Web

2 When? 1971

Sent to? Ray Tomlinson

3 Number: 4

Who? Mark Zuckerberg

4 What? Jawed Karim at San Diego Zoo

Number of hits: 10 million

5 What? A book about science

When? 1995

6 What? Hello, can you hear me?

Language: Estonian

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1 b

2 e

3 d

4 a

5 c

A Roseli

B Ingrid

C Paul

D Hanif

1 F He panicked so they took the rope off.

2 F He said ‘If only I’d taken a photo.’

4 F He stumbled through two minutes.

5 F She went down the slide.

Suggested answers

I wish I hadn’t eaten

so much pizza.

If only I had dressed

more casually.

I wish our team

had won.

If only I hadn’t

decided to do this.

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1 hadn’t gone

2 hadn’t invited

3 I’d known

4 I’d taken

5 they’d played

6 had danced

7 hadn’t been

8 hadn’t worn

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1 I wish Andy hadn’t worn pink trousers. / If only Andy hadn’t worn pink trousers.

2 I wish they hadn’t played terrible music. / If only they hadn’t played terrible music.

3 I wish Mike had been in a good mood. / I wish Mike hadn’t been in a bad mood. / If only Mike had been in a good mood. / If only Mike hadn’t been in a bad mood.

4 I wish Andy hadn’t eaten so much food. / If only Andy hadn’t eaten so much food.

5 I wish Mike hadn’t laughed at Andy. / If only Mike hadn’t laughed at Andy.

6 I wish Andy had enjoyed himself. / If only Andy had enjoyed himself.

7 I wish my parents hadn’t taken me home at midnight. / If only my parents hadn’t taken me home at midnight.

8 I wish I’d had a good time. / If only I’d had a good time.

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Suggested answers

1 I wish I hadn’t eaten so much pizza.

2 If only I had dressed more casually.

3 I wish our team had won.

4 If only I hadn’t decided to do this.

GET IT RIGHT!

1 a

2 a, b

3 a

4 a, b

5 b

6 a, b

out

down

into

out

after

P A N I C

T R I E D

H A

M O T

looking

broke

work

sorted

stood

work

carrying

looking

iting

ails

reathing

eavily

weating

errified

rembling

haking

anic

outh

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 out

2 down

3 into

4 to

5 out

6 out

7 out

8 out

9 after

10 on

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 looking

2 broke

3 work

4 sorted

5 stood

6 work

7 carrying

8 looking

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1 sweat

2 panic

3 nails

4 tremble

5 terrified

6 breathe

7 shake

8 mouth

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1 biting; nails

2 breathing heavily

3 sweating

4 terrified

5 trembling

6 shaking

7 panic

8 mouth; dry

childhood

research

memories

before

crystallise

more often

work out

the near future

Suggested answers

They were both the first African-Americans in their field.

Jackie Robinson died in 1972 but Oprah Winfrey is still alive.

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1 childhood

2 research

3 memories

4 before

5 crystallise

6 more often

7 work out

8 the near future

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Suggested answers

They were both the first African-Americans in their field.

Jackie Robinson died in 1972 but Oprah Winfrey is still alive.

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1 DS

2 F

3 T

4 DS

5 F

6 T

7 DS

8 DS

He broke his leg and made his parents and his school angry.

No, they aren’t.

He / she wants to make the reader interested and involved in the text.

Suggested answers

Mistake.

Why was he shouting at me?

What was it?

Loudly.

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He broke his leg and made his parents and his school angry.

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1 No, they aren’t.

2 He/she wants to make the reader interested and involved in the text.

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Suggested answers

1 Mistake.

2 Why was he shouting at me?

3 What was it?

4 Loudly.

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Conversation One

ANNA: Wow. Is that a new tablet you’ve got there, Jamie?

JAMIE: That’s right. Cool, isn’t it? I got a really good deal on it, too, at that shop in George Street.

ANNA: OK. How much did you pay for it?

JAMIE: It was …. let me think, it was about £290.00

ANNA: Really? So I guess you don’t know that the company that makes them sells them online cheaper than that.

JAMIE: No, I didn’t know that. But I wish I’d known last week!

ANNA: Yes, they guarantee to sell cheaper than any shop. And they deliver really quickly too, straight to your home. I know – my uncle bought one a few weeks ago – he was really happy.

JAMIE: Oh, man! I hate spending more than I have to! If only I’d done a bit of research! I’m such a fool.

ANNA: Hey, calm down! It’s not as if they’re selling them online for a hundred pounds less.

JAMIE: I’m just an idiot.

ANNA: Now I wish I hadn’t told you about it!

Conversation Two

CLARE: Can I tell you a secret, Dave? Something about that guy John?

DAVE: Well, you know, Clare, I’d rather you didn’t, actually.

CLARE: Well it’s not really about him. It’s about his dad. Did you know his dad had been in prison?

DAVE: No I didn’t, and I wish you hadn’t told me. John’s a friend of mine and I like his parents too. I really don’t want to know things like that. It’s none of my business.

CLARE: Well, I wish you’d said something.

DAVE: I did say something! Didn’t you hear me? I asked you not to tell me any secrets about John.

CLARE: But it isn’t about him, it’s about his dad.

DAVE: Oh come on. How would you like it if I went around telling other people private things about your family?

CLARE: Yes, you’re right. I should have thought.

DAVE: Yes, you should’ve. Now just don’t tell anyone else, OK?

CLARE: But I’ve already told Sam.

DAVE: Oh no! Now everyone’s going to know. Sam can’t keep a secret and you know it. Oh, if only you’d kept quiet!

He regrets not doing more research before buying his tablet.

Because she told him (and Sam) a secret about his friend.

’d known

’d done

hadn’t told

’d said

’d kept

Conversation One

ANNA: Wow. Is that a new tablet you’ve got there, Jamie?

JAMIE: That’s right. Cool, isn’t it? I got a really good deal on it, too, at that shop in George Street.

ANNA: OK. How much did you pay for it?

JAMIE: It was …. let me think, it was about £290.00

ANNA: Really? So I guess you don’t know that the company that makes them sells them online cheaper than that.

JAMIE: No, I didn’t know that. But I wish I’d known last week!

ANNA: Yes, they guarantee to sell cheaper than any shop. And they deliver really quickly too, straight to your home. I know – my uncle bought one a few weeks ago – he was really happy.

JAMIE: Oh, man! I hate spending more than I have to! If only I’d done a bit of research! I’m such a fool.

ANNA: Hey, calm down! It’s not as if they’re selling them online for a hundred pounds less.

JAMIE: I’m just an idiot.

ANNA: Now I wish I hadn’t told you about it!

Conversation Two

CLARE: Can I tell you a secret, Dave? Something about that guy John?

DAVE: Well, you know, Clare, I’d rather you didn’t, actually.

CLARE: Well it’s not really about him. It’s about his dad. Did you know his dad had been in prison?

DAVE: No I didn’t, and I wish you hadn’t told me. John’s a friend of mine and I like his parents too. I really don’t want to know things like that. It’s none of my business.

CLARE: Well, I wish you’d said something.

DAVE: I did say something! Didn’t you hear me? I asked you not to tell me any secrets about John.

CLARE: But it isn’t about him, it’s about his dad.

DAVE: Oh come on. How would you like it if I went around telling other people private things about your family?

CLARE: Yes, you’re right. I should have thought.

DAVE: Yes, you should’ve. Now just don’t tell anyone else, OK?

CLARE: But I’ve already told Sam.

DAVE: Oh no! Now everyone’s going to know. Sam can’t keep a secret and you know it. Oh, if only you’d kept quiet!

£290 / 290 pounds

Because her uncle bought one online.

She regrets telling Jamie about it.

John’s dad was in prison.

Because it’s not about John but about his father.

Because Sam can’t keep a secret.

Dialogue 1

3 I know. But it wasn’t my fault. It was the traffic.

10 There’s always traffic. Why didn’t you leave
home earlier?

7 I wish I had left earlier. But that’s history. I missed
the show.

1 And it’s such a shame. The show was amazing.

Dialogue 2

6 But we came here because you said you wanted to
eat Indian food.

12 I know, and usually I love Indian food, but this isn’t
good at all.

8 I’m not surprised. I found lots of bad reviews online
about the food here.

2 What? Bad reviews? If only you’d told me that
before. We could have gone somewhere else.

Dialogue 3

11 Why’s that? Is it because you were out late
on Saturday?

5 Yes, exactly. I wish I hadn’t gone to that party. I
didn’t even enjoy it.

9 Well, if you didn’t enjoy it, why didn’t you leave
earlier? You’re crazy.

4 I know! If only I’d left when Jim and Sally did –
then I wouldn’t be in all this trouble.

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1 He regrets not doing more research before buying his tablet.

2 Because she told him (and Sam) a secret about his friend.

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1 £290 / 290 pounds

2 Because her uncle bought one online.

3 She regrets telling Jamie about it.

4 John’s dad was in prison.

5 Because it’s not about John but about his father.

6 Because Sam can’t keep a secret

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1 ’d known

2 ’d done

3 hadn’t told

4 hadn’t told

5 ’d said

6 ’d kept

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Dialogue 1

3 I know. But it wasn’t my fault. It was the traffic.

10 There’s always traffic. Why didn’t you leave home earlier?

7 I wish I had left earlier. But that’s history. I missed the show.

1 And it’s such a shame. The show was amazing.

Dialogue 2

6 But we came here because you said you wanted to eat Indian food.

12 I know, and usually I love Indian food, but this isn’t good at all.

8 I’m not surprised. I found lots of bad reviews online about the food here.

2 What? Bad reviews? If only you’d told me that before. We could have gone somewhere else.

Dialogue 3

11 Why’s that? Is it because you were out late on Saturday?

5 Yes, exactly. I wish I hadn’t gone to that party. I didn’t even enjoy it.

9 Well, if you didn’t enjoy it, why didn’t you leave earlier? You’re crazy.

4 I know! If only I’d left when Jim and Sally did – then I wouldn’t be in all this trouble.

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1 F

2 A

3 C

4 G

5 B

6 E

BILLY: I’ll never forget the first time I went surfing. Never.

CLARA: Why, what happened?

BILLY: I only nearly died.

CLARA: What!

BILLY: Yes, I was about 13. I was on holiday with my cousins and they’re all really good surfers and they offered to take me with them one day. I couldn’t wait to try it out.

CLARA: So you went.

BILLY: Of course I did. I asked my mum first and promised not to go too deep, so for the first half an hour we stayed in the shallow water. After a while I was getting quite good so I started trying to stand up on the board. Of course, I fell off quite a few times but after a while I was standing up really confidently. My cousins were really impressed and they said I was ready for the big waves.

CLARA: What! After only half an hour?

BILLY: Yes, and so I decided to follow them out into the deep sea. After a few minutes I wished I hadn’t.

CLARA: Why?

BILLY: It was completely different. The waves were so big that I couldn’t see over the top of them. I was a bit nervous. I just held on to my board really tight and prayed for a wave to take me back to the beach quickly. Unfortunately that never happened.

CLARA: So what did happen?

BILLY: A really huge wave came crashing down on top of me and ripped the surfboard from my arms. It sent me spinning round and round. It felt like I was under the water forever and when I finally managed to get my head above the sea I had no idea where I was. I couldn’t see my cousins anywhere. All I could see were massive waves coming my way.

CLARA: What did you do?

BILLY: I panicked. I was terrified. I waved my arms in the air and shouted for help. After a minute or two a lifeguard arrived and pulled me back to the beach. I’ve never been so happy to see another person in my life.

CLARA: You were rescued – by a real lifeguard. Wow.

BILLY: Yeah. It was kind of cool in one way but also really embarrassing. And of course, my mum wasn’t too happy with me. I wasn’t allowed into the sea for the rest of the holiday.

half an hour / 30 minutes

He panicked, waved his arms in the air and shouted for help.

a lifeguard

BILLY: I’ll never forget the first time I went surfing. Never.

CLARA: Why, what happened?

BILLY: I only nearly died.

CLARA: What!

BILLY: Yes, I was about 13. I was on holiday with my cousins and they’re all really good surfers and they offered to take me with them one day. I couldn’t wait to try it out.

CLARA: So you went.

CLARA: What! After only half an hour?

BILLY: Yes, and so I decided to follow them out into the deep sea. After a few minutes I wished I hadn’t.

CLARA: Why?

CLARA: So what did happen?

CLARA: What did you do?

CLARA: You were rescued – by a real lifeguard. Wow.

BILLY: Yeah. It was kind of cool in one way but also really embarrassing. And of course, my mum wasn’t too happy with me. I wasn’t allowed into the sea for the rest of the holiday.

excited

confident

worried

scared

relieved

embarrassed

hadn’t spent

swimming

to give

to go

had / ’d eaten

living

helping

had / ’d done

seeing

impossible

impatient

informal party

irresponsible

uncomfortable sofa

is illegal

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 13

2 half an hour / 30 minutes

3 He panicked, waved his arms in the air and shouted for help.

4 a lifeguard

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1 excited

2 confident

3 worried

4 scared

5 relieved

6 embarrassed

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1 impossible

2 impatient

3 informal party

4 irresponsible

5 uncomfortable sofa

6 is illegal

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1 h

2 e

3 a

4 i

5 g

6 b

7 c

8 d

9 f

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 hadn’t spent

2 swimming

3 to give

4 to go

5 had/’d eaten

6 living

7 helping

8 had/’d done

9 seeing

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7, 5, 3, 1, 11, 9, 6, 4, 10, 2, 8, 12

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1 F

2 F

3 T

4 F

5 T

6 F

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In this study, most of the children reported that their earliest memories were

Most adults remember little about things that happened in their very early childhood. As a result, some people think that we aren't really able to form memories before our fourth or fifth birthdays. But scientists carrying out research into early memories have suggested that this is untrue. They claim that we do form memories at a very young age. However, what we remember about our very early lives seems to change as we get older.

Researchers in Newfoundland, Canada, worked with 140 children aged between four and 13. First, they asked their participants to describe their earliest memory. Then they asked them roughly how old they'd been when the event occurred. Next, they asked the children's parents to confirm that the event actually happened. All the answers were written down. The researchers waited for two years before they went back to the children and asked them again, 'What's your earliest memory?'

Nearly all the children who were aged between four and seven in the first interview said something very different in the second interview. And when the researchers reminded them of what they'd said the first time, many of the children said: 'No, that never happened to me.' On the other hand, many of the children who were between ten and 13 at the first interview described exactly the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our memories change in the early years, but that at around the age of ten, they crystallise – the things that we remember get fixed.

The researchers are now looking into the question of why children remember certain events and not others. We sometimes think that most first or early memories are about very stressful things that happened to us as children, because bad things stand out in our minds. But in this study, stressful events were only a small percentage of what the children said they remembered. More often, children's early memories were happy ones. The researchers are trying to work out why this is the case. We can surely look forward to more fascinating discoveries about memories in the near future.

'I remember, when I was about three, my mother looking at me in my buggy and smiling at me.'

'My first memory is my second birthday. There was a cake with two candles.

I couldn't blow the candles out, so my dad did it for me.'

'I remember I was eating an ice cream when a dog came and took it out of my hand. I cried. I was two, I think.'

'I was maybe four. We were driving to our grandma's and our car broke down. We couldn't get out of the car and I cried. A mechanic came to sort it out.'

Jan, 13

Mike, 15

Tom, 10

Alice, 12

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Read and match.

be easy to notice

be happy or excited about (a future event)

do, complete

investigate, examine the facts about (a situation)

fix (a problem)

use air to stop (something) burning

stop working

understand, find the answer to

blow out

break down

sort out

carry out

look into

stand out

work out

look forward to

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Read and complete.

The wind

on my birthday cake.

The concert is tomorrow. I'm really

Mum was driving to work when her car

There was a bank robbery last Saturday. The police are

She's our best player. She really

This question is really difficult. I can't

in the team.

The doctors are

tests to find out what's wrong with him.

blow out break down sort out carry out look into

stand out work out look forward to

it.

the answer.

My best friend and I have a problem, but I'm sure we can

Use the correct forms of the phrasal verbs.

it!

the candles

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Read and put in order.

If there are two possible orders, write both.

answer / the / can't / work / I / out

into / They / the / robbery / are / looking

look / We / them / after / have to

candles / blew / the / She / out

sort / need to / I / problem / the / out

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Read and complete.

look forward to look after hang out give up sort out break down

What would you do if your bus

ten kilometres from

where you were going?

What are you

next weekend?

Where do you like to

with your friends?

What problems do you need to

Do you enjoy

animals or small children?

Do you have any habits you should

Use the correct forms of the phrasal verbs.

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Listen and put the inventions in chronological order.

the first item was bought on Amazon

the first email was sent

the first YouTube video was uploaded

the first Facebook account was opened

the first webpage was launched

the first sentence was said on Skype

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Read and match.

Neil Armstrong

Nelson Mandela

Yuri Gagarin

Kathryn Bigelow

Marie Curie

was the first female director to win an Oscar.

was the first man on the moon.

was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.

was the first man to travel in space.

was the first black president of South Africa.

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Listen and complete.

The first website

When?

About

The first email

When?

Sent to?

The first Facebook account

Number:

Who?

The first YouTube video

What?

Number of hits:

The first item bought on Amazon

What?

When?

The first sentence spoken on Skype

What?

Language:

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Look and match.

a jalapeño pepper

public speaking

bungee jumping

a waterslide

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Read, look and match.

Paul

Hanif

Roseli

Ingrid

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MY FIRST (AND LAST) TIME

Is there anything you've only ever done once?

Write and tell us about it!

About four years ago, I was on holiday and one day, one of my friends said, 'Hey, there's a bungee jumping place near here! Let's go!' Well, I'd never done anything like that before, but I went anyway. I wish I hadn't gone! I was terrified. I stood there with the rope round my ankle and I was really sweating. In the end, I just panicked and said, 'I can't do this', so they took the rope off. My friend laughed and said, 'If only I'd taken a photo! That was so funny!' I felt really stupid.

When my older brother got married, he asked me if I'd make a speech at the wedding. I'd never done that before, but I said, 'Sure, OK.' Before the wedding, I thought of a few nice things to say and a couple of jokes. Easy! But on the day, just before I had to speak, I started to get nervous. I was biting my nails and everything. When I stood up, my mouth went dry and I started to tremble – I couldn't believe it! I stumbled through about two minutes of something and sat down again. Two years later, I did a course on public speaking. If only I'd thought of doing that before the wedding!

Paul, USA

Hanif, UK

Last year, I went to a beach park. There was a waterslide there which was an incredible 41 metres high. It might sound like fun, but it was one of the most terrifying moments of my life. When I started to fall, I thought, 'I wish I'd stayed up there!' I was petrified the whole time. I still don't know how I did it, and I'm usually OK on rides. I was shaking for about fifteen minutes afterwards, but then I was all right. I'll never do that again, believe me.

Roseli, Brazil

About a year or so ago, we all went to a Mexican restaurant. It was my first time, so I didn't know anything about Mexican food at all. One of my friends told me about jalapeño peppers, and he persuaded me to try one. To be fair, he told me that they were really powerful, and I was a bit anxious when I bit it. At first, it seemed OK, but then it exploded in my mouth! Wow! I started to breathe hard and I had to drink about a hundred glasses of water! That's something I won't do again.

Ingrid, Sweden

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Read and choose.

In the end, Paul jumped.

His friend took a photograph of him.

Hanif was nervous just before he

started speaking.

He thinks he spoke well for two minutes.

Roseli stayed at the top of the waterslide.

She felt OK fifteen minutes later.

Ingrid's friend told her what to expect.

She didn't feel the full effects of the pepper immediately.

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

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MY FIRST (AND LAST) TIME

Is there anything you've only ever done once?

Write and tell us about it!

Paul, USA

Hanif, UK

Roseli, Brazil

Ingrid, Sweden

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Read and complete.

I wish

up there!

I wish

(bungee jumping)!

If only

a photo!

If only

of doing that before the wedding!

go stay take know

Use the correct form of the verbs to complete the sentences.

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MY FIRST (AND LAST) TIME

Is there anything you've only ever done once?

Write and tell us about it!

Paul, USA

Hanif, UK

Roseli, Brazil

Ingrid, Sweden

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Write sentences with I wish... or If only...

I didn't eat breakfast. Now I'm hungry.

I didn't go to bed early. Now I'm tired.

Only 12 per cent?! I didn't study last weekend.

I didn't ask her for her phone number.

Mum's so angry – Dad forgot her birthday!

My friends missed the end of the film. They fell asleep!

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MY FIRST (AND LAST) TIME

Is there anything you've only ever done once?

Write and tell us about it!

Paul, USA

Hanif, UK

Roseli, Brazil

Ingrid, Sweden

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Read and put in order.

Oliver:

I'm sorry to hear that.

Amelia:

What's the matter, Amelia?

Maybe you should lie down for a few minutes.

It was that third piece of cake. I wish I hadn't eaten it.

That isn't a bad idea. I think I will.

Amelia:

I've eaten too much. I'm feeling ill.

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Read, look and match.

I was so terrified that I started biting my nails.

I was really sweating. In the end, I just panicked and ran out of the room.

When I saw the crowd in front of me, my mouth went dry and I started to breathe hard.

I started to tremble. In fact, I was shaking for about fifteen minutes.

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Read and find how the underlined phrases are expressed in the story.

Pauline regretted the fact that she'd gone to university.

It's a pity that you didn't tell us.

I think it's a pity that she didn't tell her parents.

It isn't good that Pauline didn't make her own decision.

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LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE?

We asked readers to tell us stories about bad decisions they or people they know have made. Here's this week's story.

A friend of mine has a sister, Pauline, who's six years older than him. She was always good at school, but all she really wanted to do was to help her parents in their small shop, and then perhaps take it over when they were too old to run it.

Pauline's parents, however, really wanted her to go to university, so she spent three years at school working incredibly hard, studying for an exam for a famous university in another city. She passed, and a few months later she left home to start studying there.

From the first moment, Pauline wished she hadn't gone to university. She hated it. She'd been a clever student at school, but the university work was much harder. She didn't make many friends either, so she was lonely and homesick. After six months, she asked her parents to let her leave and come home. They were very surprised when she said that she'd never wanted to go to university. 'If only you'd told us!' they said. 'But I didn't want to disappoint you,' was her answer.

Now Pauline is working in the shop and she's very happy. I wish she'd told her parents that university wasn't what she wanted – then she wouldn't have wasted six months of her life. Pauline should have made her own decision.

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Read and match the descriptions to the paragraphs.

is about a decision that the person made?

gives background information about the person?

gives the writer's thoughts about the whole situation?

explains the effects of the decision?

paragraph 1

paragraph 2

paragraph 3

paragraph 4

Which paragraph...

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LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE?

We asked readers to tell us stories about bad decisions they or people they know have made. Here's this week's story.

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Choose the correct verb and add it in the correct form.

She

the candles on her birthday cake. (blow out / stand out)

We're really

the summer holidays.

I haven't found the answer yet, but I'm going to

looking for it!

I'm sorry, I can't come tonight. I've got some things to

at home. (hang out / sort out)

We left early, but then our car

so we arrived very late.

Paula was really late – she only

at 10 o'clock.

We didn't like the new neighbours at first, but now we

well

My dad has

the piano. His first lesson was last Monday.

(carry on / carry out)

with them. (get on / end up)

(come round / come up)

to my house after school.

(look after / look forward to)

(set off / break down)

(end up / show up)

(take up / take off )

My friends are going to

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Complete the sentences.

Why don't you come

to my place this evening?

I didn't have anything to do, so I ended

going to bed!

Let's go online and find

what time the film starts.

It was a difficult question so in the end I looked

the

answer online.

He's much taller than the rest of our family, so he really stands

in photos.

From our back garden, you can see planes taking

from

the airport.

Last night I hung

with my friends in the park.

Use one word to complete the phrasal verbs.

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Choose the correct options.

There's a concert tonight. I'm really

Oh, so you're learning the guitar? When did you

We had an argument, but we

and now we get on well

We made a small fire for our barbecue – but the wind

My sister's not well, but my mum's

We were going to fly there, but when we

, the train

They have started some new research and they will

over the next year.

again.

was cheaper.

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Complete the diary entry.

Use a phrasal verb from the list in the correct form and, where necessary, a pronoun (it / them / him / her etc.).

carry out look forward to look after end up get on

carry on break down come round hang out

April 1st

Today is April Fool's Day! I always have lots of ideas for jokes to play on people,

but I never

. I thought about playing an April

Fool's joke on my friend Steve but I didn't, because I didn't want to

losing him as a friend – Steve and I

well together so I don't want to change that with

a silly joke. I want to

being friends with him.

When we go on holiday I give my pet snake to Steve and he

And yes – holidays! In a few weeks we've got a one–week holiday at school.

I'm really

, because my dad says we can go to

the beach. So that's nice. What isn't nice is that Dad wants to go in his car and

his car always

if we go more than ten kilometres.

I don't know why he doesn't get a new one.

Tonight I'm going to

with Alex and Sam at the

shopping centre. I wanted them to

to my house

but they said 'No thanks'. I wonder why?

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Choose the correct options.

'I wish I

to the party.'

'I wish Paul

me.'

'If only

about the terrible music.'

'I wish

some of my favourite music.'

'If only

that Katy Perry song – Sarah would have

'If only Sarah

with me! But Mike was there.'

'I wish Mike

there.'

'And I wish I

my pink trousers.'

danced with me.'

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Choose the correct sentence from the pairs.

Sometimes both sentences are correct.

I will pick you up at 7.30.

I will pick up you at 7.30.

When I left , I forgot to take out my memory stick.

When I left , I forgot to take my memory stick out.

I looked for a telephone number in my phone.

I looked a telephone number for in my phone.

I would like to get back my money for that trip.

I would like to get my money back for that trip.

You should think over it.

You should think it over.

The man gave me my bag back.

The man gave me back my bag.

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Learners often have problems with word order when using separable verbs.

✓ A car ran them over.

✗ A car ran over them.

GET IT RIGHT!

Separable verbs

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Rewrite the sentences.

'Andy didn't ask me to dance.'

'Andy wore pink trousers.'

'They played terrible music.'

'Mike wasn't in a good mood.'

'Andy ate so much food.'

'Mike laughed at Andy.'

'I didn't have a good time.'

Use I wish or if only to make complete sentences.

'Andy didn't enjoy himself.'

'My parents took me home at midnight.'

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Complete the sentences.

The wind blew

all the candles.

On the way to school the bus broke

and we had to walk.

Someone stole a bike at school yesterday. The headmaster is looking

it.

I'm looking forward

Some scientists are carrying

research about that illness.

My mum's not here – she has to sort

a problem at work.

They look so like each other – I can never work

who is who!

I want to be like everyone else – I don't want to stand

I can't come out tonight, I'm looking

going, I'll meet you there.

You carry

my younger brother.

Use the correct preposition.

seeing my cousin again.

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Complete the crossword.

ACROSS

DOWN

Even if you are frightened, you should try not to do this.

Some people do this if they are very hot or very nervous.

Sometimes people bite these when they are nervous.

Some people do this if they are very cold or very nervous.

Very, very scared.

Some people do this hard when they are tired or afraid.

Some people do this when they are afraid or nervous.

Sometimes this goes dry if you are nervous.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Complete the phrasal verbs.

How was your trip? I know you were really

Er – well, it wasn't very good.

forward to it.

Oh? What happened?

he couldn't

Well, the car

down. At night! Dad looked at the engine but

out what was wrong. We had to get a truck

the car out there, and we

to take it to the garage. They

So, was the party good?

out. And there were one or two

Use the correct form.

were able to continue our trip.

Not really. No one told me it was fancy dress – I was the only person in

normal clothes, so I really

people with masks on their faces, so I couldn't

out who they

How's your brother's new job?

Great! He loves it. He's

out some research for a professor

at the university. The professor is

into ways of making

water clean in poor countries.

Sounds really interesting.

were.

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Complete the words in the text.

Use the correct form of the verbs.

When I arrived for my interview, I was a bit nervous. They showed me to a

waiting room – there were three other people there. One man looked terrible – he

was b

his n

and walking up and down the

room. He was walking slowly, but even so, he was b

. The woman was s

a lot and she had to

keep wiping her face. And the other guy looked very scared, t

in fact! He was t

I sat down and tried to relax but it wasn't easy with those people around me. I

all the time, and talking to himself very quietly.

looked at my hands – they were s

breaths to calm down. 'Don't p

a bit, so I took some deep

!' I said to myself. 'It'll be OK.'

When I finally went in and they asked me a question, my m

and I could hardly speak. I thought

went completely d

the interview had gone really badly. But in the end I got the job!

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Complete the summary of the text.

research

Many adults don't remember a lot about their early

Scientists have done

to show that we form

when we're young, but the way it happens changes as we

get older.

The scientists asked 140 children some questions, and then they asked them

the same questions again two years later. Younger children said something very

different the second time, but older children (between 10 and 13) gave the same

answers as

. So it seems that when we are about ten

years old, our memories

We remember good things

than bad things. Researchers

are trying to

why that's the case, and we're going to

know more about this in

crystallise

childhood

more often

the near future

before

work out

memories

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Read and choose the correct answer.

Barack Obama was the first African-American to try to become President

of the USA.

Only players in other teams didn't want to play with Jackie Robinson.

Many people said bad things about Robinson.

No African-American has ever been president of a US company.

Some baseball players in the MLB still wear the number 42.

Oprah Winfrey is a TV presenter and an actress.

Winfrey is the first African-American to be a billionaire.

She works as a teacher for African-American women and children.

True

False

Doesn't say

True

False

Doesn't say

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In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African-American president of the United States. This was another victory in a long history of firsts for African-American people in the USA. Here are two more that perhaps you don't know about.

Jackie Robinson: the first African-American player in Major League Baseball (MLB)

In 1947, Jackie Robinson ran onto the field to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers in New York. Some of the players on the other team, and even some players in his own team, weren't happy to play with him. But more and more African-American fans started to go to Dodgers' games, and Robinson played exceptionally well. He became more and more famous, even though he had to suffer abuse for many years from many people – players, coaches and fans.

Jackie Robinson was chosen as the best player in the MLB in 1949 and then, in 1962, he became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame – of course, the first African-American to do so. He was also the first black vice-president of a major American company. He died in 1972, aged 53.

Robinson always wore the number 42, and in 1992, the MLB announced that no other player would ever wear that number. Several films have been made about his life, including the film 42, made in 2013.

Oprah Winfrey: the first African-American woman to host a TV show in the USA

In 1986, Oprah Winfrey became the first African-American woman to host a TV show in the USA – the Oprah Winfrey Show. Her 'book-of-the-month' feature on the show often takes books that are almost unknown and turns them into bestsellers.

Winfrey is one of the highest-paid celebrities in the world. She appeared in the film The Color Purple in 1985, and in the film of Toni Morrison's Beloved (1998). In April 2000 she launched O magazine, which became one of the most successful magazines in publishing history. In April 2002, Winfrey launched the first international edition of O in South Africa. In 2003, Forbes magazine listed her as the first African-American woman to be a billionaire.

Several times, Time magazine has included Oprah in their list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. She works hard to promote education for women and for African-American children. She has also run high-profile campaigns: for example, to encourage people not to write text messages while they're driving.

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Listen and choose the correct option.

What does Jamie regret?

He regrets not buying a laptop.

He regrets not doing more research before buying his tablet.

Why is Dave unhappy with Clare?

Because she told him (and Sam) a secret about his friend.

Because he was late.

Because he forgot her birthday.

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Read and complete.

Use the verbs in the list in the correct form.

Jamie:

No, I didn't know that. But I wish I

something.

last week!

Did you know his dad had been in prison?

Jamie:

If only I

a bit of research. I'm such a fool.

Anna:

you about it!

Clare:

me.

do say keep know tell tell

Now I wish I

Dave:

No, I didn't, and I wish you

Clare:

Well, I wish you

Dave:

Sam can't keep a secret and you know it.

Oh, if only you

quiet!

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Listen and choose the correct option.

How much did Jamie pay?

£290

£50

Why does Anna know so much about buying the tablet online?

Because she read reviews.

Because her uncle bought one online.

Because her brother works in IT.

£100

What does Anna regret at the end?

She regrets spending so much money.

She regrets buying the wrong tablet.

She regrets telling Jamie about it.

What is the secret that Clare tells Dave?

John's dad was in prison.

She stole from the local shop.

She cheated on her exams.

Why does Clare think it's OK to tell him the secret?

Because he's no longer in prison.

It's the truth.

Because it's not about John but about his father.

Why is it a problem that Clare has told Sam the secret?

Because Sam can't keep a secret.

Because Sam's dad knows John's dad.

Because Sam isn't friends with John.

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Put the lines in the correct order.

Make three short dialogues.

DIALOGUE 1

PAUL:

VICKY:

PAUL:

VICKY:

Oh Vicky, if only you'd been on time.

And it's such a shame. The show was amazing.

There's always traffic. Why didn't you leave home earlier?

I know. But it wasn't my fault. It was the traffic.

I wish I had left earlier. But that's history. I missed the show.

DIALOGUE 2

MIKE:

FRANCES:

I wish we hadn't come to this restaurant.

I know, and usually I love Indian food, but this isn't good at all.

What? Bad reviews? If only you'd told me that before. We could have gone somewhere else.

I'm not surprised. I found lots of bad reviews online about the food here.

But we came here because you said you wanted to eat Indian food.

DIALOGUE 3

MANDY:

SEAN:

My parents are furious with me.

Yes, exactly. I wish I hadn't gone to that party. I didn't even enjoy it.

I know! If only I'd left when Jim and Sally did – then I wouldn't be in all this trouble.

Why's that? Is it because you were out late on Saturday?

Well, if you didn't enjoy it, why didn't you leave earlier? You're crazy.

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Complete the text.

Reading and Use of English part 6

You are going to read another extract from Bullring Kid and Country Cowboy. Six sentences have been removed from the text.

Fletcher and Fizza climbed quietly down the hill a few more metres and looked

out carefully from behind a small bush. Cloudy's kidnapper was talking to

another man who he had met on the beach.

In the dark they could see that one of them was fat and the other one was thin. It was the thin one that had stolen Cloudy.

'Well done! That looks like a nice horse!' the fat man said.

'Yes, we should get a good price for it,' replied the thin man. 'When's the boat going to get here?'

'Any moment now ... I'll get the others,' said the fat man.

He disappeared behind some big rocks in a corner of the beach. After a few seconds he came back out of the dark.

'They're our horses!' whispered Fletcher angrily. 'Those men have been keeping them here!'

The men were obviously waiting for a boat that would get them off the island. A few moments later a green light flashed three times out at sea.

'Hey! That's the sign! They're here!' the thin man shouted.

Fizza and Fletcher realised that if they were going to stop these men, they had to act now before help arrived.

'OK, Fizza,' whispered Fletcher, 'this is what we've got to do ...'

Seconds later Fizza waited in her position while Fletcher gave a low whistle. All three horses on the sand put their heads up and listened, but the men didn't notice anything.

Then Fletcher whistled again and the horses began to jump in excitement. This did surprise the men. Every time Fletcher whistled, the horses jumped until they had managed to pull their ropes free from the men's hands. They began to run in circles around them.

'You try! They're too quick!' replied the other one.

'Catch them, stupid!' shouted one of the men.

She ran onto the beach, jumped in the air, gave a high kick and knocked the fat man down to the ground.

'Oi!' shouted the thin man. He tried to run and help his friend, but all three horses moved into his way.

Fizza sat on top of the fat man, who lay face down, and held his arms behind his back. 'Ow! That hurts!' he cried.

'Well, don't move then!' replied Fizza.

She watched as Fletcher tied the thin man's hands and feet together with a rope and then she looked out to sea.

'What are we going to do when that boat gets here?' she asked Fletcher.

'Yeah!' said the fat man through a mouthful of sand. 'What are you going to do?'

He was leading two large horses.

He couldn't move!

They were too busy looking for their boat.

The lights from the kidnappers' boat were getting much nearer, making the horses run away.

The men were so close that Fizza and Fletcher could hear them speak.

This was the moment Fizza was waiting for.

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Match the sentence halves.

The doctors did everything they could to save

He's still in hospital but doctors say he's out

That house is very old. It's in

When I get nervous I can't stop

Does your mouth go

danger of falling down.

down and we had to wait for a mechanic.

forward to the summer holidays.

out this problem then I'll help you.

of danger now.

Sorry we're late but our car broke

I'm really looking

out from the other boys at his school.

dry when you're scared?

I've just got to sort

With his blue and red hair, Josh certainly stands

his life after the accident.

biting my nails.

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Complete the sentences.

Then listen and check.

Billy felt...

embarrassed

when his cousins offered to take him surfing.

after half an hour in the shallow water.

after a few minutes in the deep water.

after the big wave had taken his surfboard from him.

when he saw the lifeguard approaching.

when he was lying on the beach.

worried

excited

relieved

scared

confident

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Complete the sentences.

I haven't got any money for the bus. I wish I

. I just do it for exercise. (swim)

all my money. (not spend)

us a lift to the party. (give)

I don't really enjoy

Dad offered

If only I

They've just bought a new car so they can't afford

holiday this year. (go)

more for breakfast. I'm really hungry. (eat)

We moved to the city last year and I really miss

my homework last night. There's no time

I don't mind

in the countryside. (live)

to do it now. (do)

Use the verbs in brackets in their correct form.

I wish I

you. I'm not busy. (help)

tomorrow. (see)

my old friends

I'm really looking forward to

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Complete the second sentences.

Use negative prefixes.

It's not possible.

It's

He's not very patient.

He's quite

The party's not formal.

It's an

I expect you to be more responsible.

I don't expect you to be so

This sofa's not very comfortable.

It's a very

I'm not sure what you're doing is legal.

I think what you're doing

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Put the dialogue in order.

Assistant:

No, no, don't tell me. And keep the keypad covered up with your other hand.

Assistant:

Here, let me help you. Put the card in like this and now enter your password.

Assistant:

You've got your card in the wrong way.

Assistant:

Is this your first time using the cash machine?

Assistant:

Well, that's what I'm here for, in order to help our customers.

Assistant:

So as to keep it secret. You don't want other people seeing your password.

Old man:

That's so embarrassing.

Old man:

OK, five, four ...

Old man:

Of course I don't. You're such a kind young lady to help me.

Old man:

Yes, it is. How did you guess?

Why do I need to do that?

In that case, could you help me with my shopping at the supermarket, too?

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Read and choose 'True' or 'False'.

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

Barnet are a big English football club.

Edgar Davids earned a small salary at Barnet.

Davids felt sorry for the fans at the side of the road.

Davids went back on the bus to get the fans.

The players talked to the fans at the service station.

True

False

True

False

The players and fans travelled back to London on the same bus.

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Barnet fans strike it lucky

Edgar Davids made a name for himself playing for some of Europe's greatest football teams such as Milan, Juventus, Ajax and Barcelona as well as being a regular for the Dutch international team during the 1990s and 2000s. Fans of the relatively unknown London club Barnet could hardly believe their luck when he announced his first job as a coach would be with their team, especially when they heard that he was also going to play for them and do all this for free.

But for one group of fans, his move to the team proved to be even luckier. The fans had been to see their team playing against Accrington Stanley in the north of the country. They were half way through the long journey back to London when their bus broke down leaving them stranded by the side of the motorway.

A while later, Davids and the Barnet players were travelling down the same road when Davids noticed the fans freezing by the side of the road. He told the bus driver to stop at the next motorway service station. He then told the players to get off the bus and get something to eat while he sent the bus back to rescue the unfortunate fans. The bus picked up the fans, who were only too happy to get out of the cold just as it started to rain hard. They were then taken to the service station where they met Davids and the players, who were happy to chat, sign autographs and pose for photos. After a while, Davids and his team said goodbye and got back on their bus to continue their journey. The fans were now able to wait in the warmth for their replacement bus, which arrived soon after to take them back home.

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