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What happened?

Literature 3A.1

Literature 3A.2

Literature 3B.1

Literature 3B.2

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Link name

Link address

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A crop circles

B UFOs

C the Loch Ness Monster

D the yeti

1 Teotihuacan

2 The Lolladoff Plate

3 The Nampa Doll

4 The Suicide Dog Bridge

5 Teotihuacan

6 The Suicide Dog Bridge

7 The Nampa Doll

8 The Lolladoff Plate

Suggested answers

1 It was very cold and it started snowing.

2 He was thinking about an argument he’d had with someone at work.

3 He shouted at the man.

4 The man apologised to John.

5 He went around the corner and into a wine cellar.

6 His footprints were in the snow, but the other man’s weren’t.

Lorem ipsum dolor

The writer thinks that humans are definitely responsible – most probably some Maths students.

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I’m sure: definitely, of course, must have, obviously can’t have, it’s clear, certainly

I’m reasonably sure: more than likely, most probably

I’m not sure: might, not certain

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Paragraph 1: An introduction to the mystery

Paragraph 2: A possible explanation for the mystery

Paragraph 3: The writer’s explanation for the mystery

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must

can’t

might

must

might

can’t

must

can’t

should have charged

shouldn’t have left

should have worn

should have told

shouldn’t have gone

should have

watched

shouldn’t go

should invite

shouldn’t have said

shouldn’t say

should watch

shouldn’t have gone

should have invited

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 Spanish

2 six

3 ten times

4 wasn’t

5 visa stamps

6 working hard

7 French

8 all

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 must

2 can’t

3 might

4 must

5 might

6 can’t

7 must

8 can’t

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 should have watched

2 shouldn’t go

3 should invite

4 shouldn’t have said

5 shouldn’t say

6 should watch

7 shouldn’t have gone

8 should have invited

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 should have charged

2 shouldn’t have left

3 should have worn

4 should have told

5 shouldn’t have gone

must have taken

might have

disappeared

might have gone

can’t have left

must have seen

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 d

2 a

3 f

4 b

5 e

6 c

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 must have taken

2 might have disappeared

3 might have gone

4 can’t have left

5 must have seen

GET IT RIGHT!

1 b

2 a

3 a

4 b

5 a

6 a

a bit faster

5 km to

really well

one step further

missing

down

for

without saying

Unexplained

Alien

Secret

Mysterious

Odd

Puzzling

Strange

Extraterrestrial

Lorem ipsum dolor

alt_text

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 strange

2 puzzling

3 alien

4 secret

5 mysterious

6 odd

7 strange

8 extraterrestrial

9 unexplained

10 secret

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 e – picture 2

2 d – picture 5

3 a – picture 1

4 f – picture 4

5 b – picture 3

6 c – picture 6

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 a bit faster

2 5 km to

3 really well

4 one step further

5 missing

6 down

7 for

8 without saying

1 e

2 d

3 a

4 b

5 c

birds, spiders, fish and sharks

1 by digging shallow lines into the earth

2 They were discovered in the 1930s from the air.

3 That the Nazca people invented simple hot-air balloons to produce the art.

4 He built a working balloon using the materials they would have had.

5 He believes that the Nazca people put sticks in the ground to help with their drawings.

6 He tried to draw a huge picture of a bird on a piece of land using tools the Nazca might have had.

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 e

2 d

3 a

4 b

5 c

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birds, spiders, fish and sharks

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 by digging shallow lines into the earth

2 They were discovered in the 1930s from the air.

3 That the Nazca people invented simple hot-air balloons to produce the art.

4 He built a working balloon using the materials they would have had.

5 He believes that the Nazca people put sticks in the ground to help with their drawings.

6 He tried to draw a huge picture of a bird on a piece of land using tools the Nazca might have had.

Lorem ipsum dolor

They were fake.

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1 D

2 E

3 A

4 F

5 B

6 C

Lorem ipsum dolor

a 1

b 4

c 2

d 3

e 6

f 5

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Conversation 1

OLLIE: Jennie’s really happy about her party.

LISA: What!

OLLIE: Her birthday party. She’s really looking forward to it.

LISA: You told her!

OLLIE: What?

LISA: About her party.

OLLIE: Well… No. I just asked what present I should bring her. She wants a book.

LISA: I can’t believe you told her. You shouldn’t have done that. It was supposed to be a surprise.

OLLIE: Well you should have told me that.

LISA: I did but obviously you weren’t listening… again!

OLLIE: Oh well, I’m sorry. I could phone her and say I was just joking.

LISA: No, I think it’s a bit late for that now.

Conversation 2

SEAN: Look what I found while I was walking the dog, Mum.

MUM: What is it?

SEAN: I’m not sure. It’s a bit of a mystery.

MUM: Let me have a look.

SEAN: Here you are.

MUM: It looks like some sort of ancient sword. Where did you find it?

SEAN: In the fields on the other side of the river.

MUM: This is really old. It could be really important.

SEAN: You think?

MUM: Yes, you shouldn’t have taken it. You should have left it where it was and called the museum.

SEAN: Why? I found it. It’s mine.

MUM: I’m afraid it isn’t. Come on. We need to make some phone calls to the experts.

a book

a sword

Conversation 1

OLLIE: Jennie’s really happy about her party.

LISA: What!

OLLIE: Her birthday party. She’s really looking forward to it.

LISA: You told her!

OLLIE: What?

LISA: About her party.

OLLIE: Well… No. I just asked what present I should bring her. She wants a book.

LISA: I can’t believe you told her. You shouldn’t have done that. It was supposed to be a surprise.

OLLIE: Well you should have told me that.

LISA: I did but obviously you weren’t listening… again!

OLLIE: Oh well, I’m sorry. I could phone her and say I was just joking.

LISA: No, I think it’s a bit late for that now.

Conversation 2

SEAN: Look what I found while I was walking the dog, Mum.

MUM: What is it?

SEAN: I’m not sure. It’s a bit of a mystery.

MUM: Let me have a look.

SEAN: Here you are.

MUM: It looks like some sort of ancient sword. Where did you find it?

SEAN: In the fields on the other side of the river.

MUM: This is really old. It could be really important.

SEAN: You think?

MUM: Yes, you shouldn’t have taken it. You should have left it where it was and called the museum.

SEAN: Why? I found it. It’s mine.

MUM: I’m afraid it isn’t. Come on. We need to make some phone calls to the experts.

Because he told Jennie about the surprise party.

He could phone her and say he was just joking.

Lisa thinks it’s a bit late for it.

He was walking the dog.

He should have left it where it was and called the museum.

She’s going to call the experts.

shouldn’t have done

should have told

shouldn’t have taken

should have left

8 No, I haven’t. It’s probably down the side

of the sofa. That’s where it usually is.

10 I’ve already searched the whole sofa. It’s not there.

1 So try the dog basket – Spike might have taken it.

7 That’s a good idea. I’ll go and have a look.

11 No, they don’t even know how the robber got

into the building.

5 I think it must have been someone who worked

at the gallery.

12 Yes, I think you’re right. Someone who knew how

to turn off the alarm.

4 Well, let’s hope they arrest someone soon and find

the painting.

2 Stolen it. Are you sure?

6 Of course I’m sure. I left it locked up just here.

9 They can’t have gone far; we were only in the shop five minutes.

3 Well it was long enough for them to break the

lock. I don’t believe it!

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1 a book

2 a sword

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Conversation 1

1 Because he told Jennie about the surprise party.

2 He could phone her and say he was just joking.

3 Lisa thinks it’s a bit late for it.

Conversation 2

4 He was walking the dog.

5 He should have left it where it was and called the museum.

6 She’s going to call the experts.

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 shouldn’t have done

2 should have told

3 shouldn’t have taken

4 should have left

Lorem ipsum dolor

Dialogue 1

ALEX 8 No, I haven’t. It’s probably down the side of the sofa. That’s where it usually is.

PAUL 10 I’ve already searched the whole sofa. It’s not there.

ALEX 1 So try the dog basket – Spike might have taken it.

PAUL 7 That’s a good idea. I’ll go and have a look.

Dialogue 2

FOX 11 No, they don’t even know how the robber got into the building.

DANA 5 I think it must have been someone who worked at the gallery.

FOX 12 Yes, I think you’re right. Someone who knew how to turn off the alarm.

DANA 4 Well, let’s hope they arrest someone soon and find the painting.

Dialogue 3

JACK 2 Stolen it. Are you sure?

LUCY 6 Of course I’m sure. I left it locked up just here.

JACK 9 They can’t have gone far; we were only in the shop five minutes.

LUCY 3 Well it was long enough for them to break the lock. I don’t believe it!

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You will hear Gaby talking about an unforgettable school trip to the ancient monument of Stonehenge in South West England. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

GABY: Last year I was lucky enough to go on a school trip to the UK. My mother’s English but it was the first time I got the chance to visit her homeland. We had two weeks and we took in lots of sights. We were based in London and visited all the usual places like Buckingham Palace, Hyde Park, you know. We also did some day trips out of London and the highlight of my whole time had to be the one we did on our last weekend, when we went to visit Stonehenge.

I’d seen photos of it, of course, but nothing can prepare you for what it’s like in real life and I was immediately struck by the size of it. I mean those stones are really big. You used to be able to walk inside the circle but these days you need special permission to get inside. But it was still great to get so close to such a mystical place.

There was lots of information about the site so I’m a bit of an expert now. I knew it was old but I had no idea it was more than 5,000 years old. 3,100 BCE – that’s when they think work started on it. But it wasn’t all built at the same time. They’ve worked out that it was built in three different stages and they’ve also calculated how long it took in total – 30 million hours of labour. The first stage involved digging in the ground and didn’t involve putting up any stones. The first stones were erected in the second stage of construction. These stones, some of which weigh 4 tonnes, were transported overland and on water from the mountains of South Wales – a journey of 240 miles! Imagine that.

The third stage saw the arrival of the bigger stones. These didn’t have such a long journey, maybe 25 miles or so. That’s just as well as these are much bigger. The heaviest of them all is an amazing 50 tonnes. There’s no way they could have transported these by water so they think the stones were rolled there on logs. They’ve done calculations and worked out that to move one stone you would need 500 men to pull it with leather ropes and another 100 men to keep putting down the logs in the front. All in all about 60 stones were originally used but there aren’t that many left these days.

But the real magic of Stonehenge lies in its mystery and why it was built. Unlike the pyramids, for example, no one’s exactly sure what this monument was for.

Of course there are theories, two of which are more popular than others. One theory is that it was a place of worship and that the ancient Britons might have used it to carry out human sacrifices to keep the gods happy. There are people today called druids for whom Stonehenge has a very spiritual significance. They come here each year on the longest day of the year to worship.

Other people think it was built for astronomy, a place where people could study the night sky and the position of the stars. They also think it might have been a giant clock which used the position of the sun to tell the time. All of these seem like good ideas to me. There are, of course, some people who insist that Stonehenge was built by alien races, visitors from other planets who came down and moved the stones using extra-terrestrial technology but I don’t think there’s any truth in that theory.

I highly recommend a trip to Stonehenge if you are ever in the South West of the UK. There’s a great café there and you can get some really cool souvenirs. I was tempted by the mini models but they were a bit expensive. I went for a key ring, which I still use today to remind me of an unforgettable trip.

1 London

2 size

3 more than 5,000

4 second stage

5 50 / fifty

6 600 / six hundred

7 the Pyramids

8 (position of the) stars

9 alien races / extra terrestrial technology

10 key ring

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 London

2 size

3 more than 5,000

4 second stage

5 50 / fifty

6 600 / six hundred

7 the Pyramids

8 (position of the) stars

9 alien races / extra terrestrial technology

10 key ring

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Look and match.

the yeti

the Loch Ness monster

crop circles

UFOs

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Read, listen and match.

involves the possible ancient use of modern technology?

involves an object found in Asia?

involves the oldest object?

hasn't been connected with alien activity?

was discovered in a really old city?

Teotihuacan

The Lolladoff Plate

The Nampa Doll

started half a century ago?

came from under the earth?

involves a round object with strange patterns on it?

The Suicide Dog Bridge

Which mystery ...

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The truth is out there

There are many unexplained mysteries in the world. How was the Great Pyramid at Giza built? How are crop circles made? Are there yetis in the Himalayas? Have we been visited by extraterrestrials? And is there a sea monster in the depths of Loch Ness? But other, less well known phenomena are equally mysterious. Here are our favourites.

1 The Nampa Doll

In July 1889, in Nampa, Idaho, USA, a man named M.A. Kurtz was drilling a well in the ground when he noticed the drill had brought up a strange small brown object from under the earth. When he looked more closely, he found it was a figure made from clay. Amazingly, it had come from almost 100 metres below the surface, suggesting that it was more than 300,000 years old. In other words, it appeared to be from a time before humans walked on the Earth. So how did it get there? Some people say it could be evidence of an ancient lost civilisation. Others are sure it must be extraterrestrial. Whatever the truth, it makes you wonder how much we really know about our past.

2 Teotihuacan

Over 2,000 years ago, Teotihuacan in central Mexico was one of the largest cities in the world. It is especially famous for its incredible Mesoamerican pyramids, although these days not much of it remains. However, scientists exploring the ruins were amazed to find large amounts of the mineral mica in the city walls. The nearest place where mica is found is thousands of kilometres away, in Brazil. Nowadays, mica is important in the production of energy. Did the inhabitants of Teotihuacan know this secret? And is that why they went to so much trouble to bring it all the way from South America?

3 The Suicide Dog Bridge

The Overtoun Bridge near Milton in Scotland is famous for a sad reason. Over the last 50 years, 50 dogs have died, all jumping from a similar point on the bridge. But what is the reason for this puzzling phenomenon? Most animal experts agree that the dogs can't be committing suicide because they don't have such complex feelings, although some people think the dogs might sense their owners' unhappiness and jump for them. Others think the bridge is haunted. Perhaps the best explanation is that the dogs can smell the nests of minks below and, in trying to catch these small animals, are jumping without thinking.

4 The Lolladoff Plate

The 12,000-year-old Lolladoff plate was found in Nepal. The story goes that just after the Second World War, a Polish professor was travelling through Northern India and bought the plate at a local market. He was told it was from a secret race of people called the Dzopa, who used it for religious ceremonies. The plate is marked with spiral lines, odd symbols and a grey figure – according to UFO fans, an alien being. In fact, the plate looks just like a flying saucer. Some people claim that it is proof that aliens have already walked on the Earth. Others say the plate can't be genuine and is a fake.

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Read and choose.

Are the sentences facts or opinions?

The doll was found in Nampa.

It was 100m below the earth.

It's from an ancient civilisation.

It's from another planet.

Fact

Opinion

Fact

Opinion

The Nampa Doll

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Read and choose.

must

can't

could

might

Some people say it

be evidence of an ancient lost civilisation.

Others are sure it

be extraterrestrial.

Some people think the dogs

sense their owners' unhappiness

and jump for them.

Others say the plate

be genuine.

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The truth is out there

1 The Nampa Doll

2 Teotihuacan

3 The Suicide Dog Bridge

4 The Lolladoff Plate

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Guess the words.

xpl

myst

xtr

str

zzl

str

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Read and complete.

They're speaking Spanish, so they

be from Argentina, I suppose.

She

love cats – she's got 20.

You

want more – you've already eaten two whole pizzas!

I'm not sure, but I think that man

You've been working all day. You

feel really tired.

He's a bit older than John, but he

know him. I think they went to

Tim

be happy. He studied really hard, but he still failed the test.

It's the world's oldest mystery. You

know the answer.

the same school.

Use a modal verb. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

need our help. I don't think

he can swim.

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Read and choose.

Which two words mean 'from another world'?

unexplained

mysterious

extraterrestrial

odd

puzzling

alien

secret

strange

Which word means 'known by very few people'?

unexplained

mysterious

extraterrestrial

odd

puzzling

alien

strange

secret

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fortune-teller

rope

housekeeper

chandelier

Look and match.

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Listen and choose.

Mr Huntingdon was friendly and sociable.

yes

doesn't say

He only spoke to one person each week.

yes

doesn't say

He thought of a plan to try and cheat death.

yes

doesn't say

Mr Huntingdon tried to call Mrs Crabtree back to the house after she'd left.

yes

doesn't say

Mrs Crabtree always started work at 8 am.

yes

doesn't say

The fortune-teller's prediction came true.

yes

doesn't say

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Read and answer.

Maybe [Mrs Crabtree] should have asked why.

Did Mrs Crabtree ask why?

Would it have been a good idea to?

He shouldn't have sent Mrs Crabtree home.

Did Mr Huntingdon send Mrs Crabtree home?

Was it a good idea to?

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Write replies.

'I had five slices of pizza! Now I feel sick.'

'We've broken the TV. Quick! Put the ball away!'

'I bought these jeans yesterday, but now I haven't got enough money to

'I failed the test!'

'Joey didn't invite me to his party.'

'You only paid 100 for those tickets? I paid 250!'

buy Dad a birthday present.'

Use should have or shouldn't have and suitable verbs.

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Read and put in order.

The Electra takes off from Miami.

Earhart plans to fly around the world.

Bones that might be Earhart's are found on a small island.

The Electra lands in New Guinea.

The Electra disappears.

Possible evidence of the plane is found.

Earhart flies alone across the Atlantic.

The Electra sets off across the Pacific.

Earhart tries to find Howland Island.

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Lost

Atlantic Ocean. She also broke many aviation records for going faster and further than any other woman. Every time she landed her plane, she was met by huge crowds wanting to see her and congratulate her. The books that she wrote about her flights were all bestsellers.

That year, Amelia decided she wanted to go one step further. She wanted to go for the ultimate aviation prize and be the first woman to fly around the world. On 1 June, along with her navigator Fred Noonan, Amelia set off from Miami in her plane, a Lockheed Electra, on what would be her biggest – and final – adventure.

The journey was going well when, on 29 June, the pair landed in New Guinea. They'd flown 35,000 km, and they had 11,000 km over the Pacific to go. But on 2 July, while heading towards Howland Island, Amelia and Fred went missing. The next day the world awoke to the news that Amelia Earhart had disappeared into thin air.

Despite a huge search, no sign of the aircraft was ever found. Most people thought that Amelia and Fred must have run out of fuel and that the Electra had gone down in the Pacific Ocean. They couldn't have survived the crash, and they must have died. It seemed the most obvious explanation. But, over the years, other ideas have developed about just what might have happened to the plane.

One theory was that Amelia might have landed her plane on the tiny island of Nikumaroro, not far from Howland Island. In the hope of proving this theory, an expedition went to the island in 2007 to look for signs of the tragic flight. Bones were found that could have been human fingers, but scientists were unable to say for sure if they were. In 2012, another expedition used underwater photography. Images were taken of what could have been an aircraft, but again, investigators couldn't be certain.

Perhaps the most interesting theory is that Earhart disappeared on purpose so that she could spy on the Japanese for the American government.It goes without saying that both countries deny this. But then what else would they say?

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Read and match.

Most people thought that Amelia must have

She couldn't have

Amelia might have

survived the crash.

landed her plane on the island of Nikumaroro.

run out of fuel.

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Lost

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Read and complete.

Use suitable modals and the correct forms of verbs in brackets.

Oliver:

What?! My cake! It's gone!

Oliver:

Matt:

No, he

(be) Dad.

(take) it. Maybe?

Really?

sure it

Yes, it was here an hour ago and now it isn't. Who's taken it?

What about Dad? I heard him saying how hungry he was. In fact, I'm

Oliver:

'The Case of the Missing Cake'

(eat) it. It was chocolate. Dad doesn't like

chocolate.

That's true. I suppose Mum

Oliver:

No, it

(be) Mum. She's been out all morning.

Matt:

The dog! He

(jump) onto the table and eaten it.

That dog's always doing things like that.

Oliver:

Are you mad? The cake was in the fridge. The dog

(got) to it.

Matt:

Are you sure it wasn't you? I mean, you

(eat) it and forgotten.

Oliver:

I'm quite sure it wasn't me. So if it wasn't me, Mum, Dad or the dog,

Yes, and that explains why you've got chocolate all round your mouth!

(be) you, Matt!

that leaves one person. It

Matt:

Oliver:

What?! Me?

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Read and match.

go for

go one step further

go well

... to go

go missing

do something extra

left / remaining

disappear

fall from the sky

try to achieve

go down

it goes without saying that

go faster

increase speed

everyone knows that

happen as you want

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Lost

Back in 1937, Amelia Earhart was one of the most famous women in the world. She was an author, a fashion designer and a magazine editor, but most of all, she was a pioneering pilot. Five years earlier, at the age of 34, she'd become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She also broke many aviation records for going faster and further than any other woman. Every time she landed her plane, she was met by huge crowds wanting to see her and congratulate her. The books that she wrote about her flights were all bestsellers.

Perhaps the most interesting theory is that Earhart disappeared on purpose so that she could spy on the Japanese for the American government. It goes without saying that both countries deny this. But then what else would they say?

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Read and complete.

The party's

. Everyone's having fun.

Four days

Police found the child who

want any excuses.

The helicopter

, Dad! The show starts in five minutes.

Last week I went swimming twice. This week I want to

the record.

and go three times.

go for

go one step further

go well

... to go

go missing

go down

go faster

last week.

I don't

over the North Sea.

He's training hard. He's

Use the correct forms of the expressions.

and then we're on holiday!

I want your essay in on Monday and

it goes without saying that

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Look and match.

I'm sure

I'm reasonably sure

I'm not sure

might

definitely

of course

must have

not certain

obviously

can't have

more than likely

most probably

certainly

it's clear

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Choose the correct words.

They could be Colombian because they're speaking

It can't be a spider; it's only got

legs.

Oliver must really love that film. He's seen it

Dana can't know what the homework is. She

at school

Jo must travel a lot. Her passport's full of

Bernie might be tired. She's been

all day.

They might not speak English. They're

Dave must like One Direction. He's got

of their CDs.

yesterday.

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Complete the conversation.

Use must, can't, might.

Ruth:

Look, Claudia Jones is on Facebook. I'm going to send her a friend

request. There – done.

Ian:

Wow, she's got five hundred friends. She

be really popular.

Ruth:

Well they

all be real friends. No one can have that many.

Not even Claudia.

Ian:

That's true. She

not really know most of them.

Ruth:

Yes, twenty proper friends at the most. The rest of them

just be friends of friends. She probably just accepts anyone who wants

to be her friend.

Ian:

Why does she do that?

Ruth:

I don't know. She

just be a bit lonely. Maybe it makes her

feel better.

Ian:

But that

work. Having lots of false friends doesn't

make anyone feel better.

Ruth:

Oh look. She

be online because she's replied to my

request already.

Ian:

And what does she say?

Ruth:

believe it. She said 'no'!

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Read and complete the sentences.

Use should/shouldn't and a verb in the list.

take leave go wear tell charge

She

some tools with her.

She

her phone before leaving.

She

her purse at home.

She

a coat.

She

her mum where she was going.

She

on a bike ride!

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Gina went on a bike ride. After about 10 km she had a problem with her bike but she couldn't fix it because she had no tools with her. She took out her phone but she couldn't make a call because it had no battery left. She decided to get a bus home but when she looked for her purse it wasn't in her pocket. There was nothing she could do but walk. It started raining and she got really wet because she had no coat. Two hours later when she finally got home, her mum was really angry with her because she had been worried about her. It's the last time Gina is going on a bike ride.

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Complete the sentences.

The game last night was brilliant. You

That old house looks really dangerous. My mum says we

You

There's a great film on TV tonight. You

The party was really boring. We

You

shouldn't go

should invite

should have watched

should have invited

should watch

shouldn't say

shouldn't have said

shouldn't have gone

it.

inside.

Joe. He'll be upset if you don't.

anything. It was our secret.

things if you don't really mean them.

it.

Kate to your party. She was really upset that

you didn't.

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Choose the correct sentences.

It must be in the garage. It can have been put anywhere else.

It must be in the garage. It can't have been put anywhere else.

Do you think it could have been someone else?

Do you think it can have been someone else?

She can't have known about it because nobody told her.

She could have known about it because nobody told her.

I don't think we can have managed it without your help.

I don't think we could have managed it without your help.

They can't have got there in time. Their car was too slow.

They could have got there in time. Their car was too slow.

Could Carl have given the keys to his friend?

Can Carl have given the keys to his friend?

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GET IT RIGHT!

Modals of deduction: past

Learners sometimes use can have for speculating about past events, whereas could have is required. But remember we use can't have in the negative.

✓

He could have known the truth.

✗

He can have known the truth.

✓

He can't have known the truth.

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Complete the article.

Use the correct form of verbs in brackets and the correct modal verb.

Police are still looking for the multi-millionaire banker

Cecil Montgomery who disappeared from his home

last week. At first they were sure criminals

(take) him from the family home

but now they are investigating the possibility that he

(disappear) on purpose.

It seems that he was having financial problems and owed a lot of people

a lot of money and police believe that he

(go) into

hiding to escape from these people. One thing for sure is that he

(leave) the country as police found his passport in his

office desk. Police are now asking members of the public for their help. They

feel certain that someone

(see) Cecil in the last few

days and they are asking that person to come forward and help them with

their investigation.

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Read and match.

She must have been happy.

She can't have been happy.

She might have been happy.

He must have been hungry.

He can't have been hungry.

Her husband crashed her car again.

But he was too polite to ask for any food.

He didn't eat anything.

Her football team won the cup.

He ate everything.

He could have been hungry.

But it's always difficult to know what she's feeling.

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Match the sentence halves.

I don't think the party's

Mum's gone one step further

Strange – my sandwich

I think it goes without saying

It doesn't go any

has gone missing.

faster, I'm afraid.

50 km to go.

with your cake this year.

going so well.

Come on – only

that you're not coming in here.

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Match the sentences to the pictures.

I don't think the party's going so well.

Mum's gone one step further with your cake this year.

Strange – my sandwich has gone missing.

I think it goes without saying that you're not coming in here.

It doesn't go any faster, I'm afraid.

Come on – only 50 km to go.

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Choose the correct words.

Hannah hasn't returned my call, which is really

I didn't really understand the end of the film. It was a bit

Scientists believe the object is

and from another planet.

I don't want you to tell anyone. It's top

Anna's acting a bit

. I think she might have a new

I'm sure I had a £10 note in my wallet but it's not here. That's

boyfriend.

I didn't like that man. He was very

I went to the party dressed as an

To this day, the disappearance of our neighbour is still

Some people claim Roswell was a

military operation.

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Complete the conversations.

Come on, Dad. Can't you go

Are we nearly there yet?

How was the exam?

Do you want to try again to lift 100 kg?

Is there any news on that yacht that went

Did you see where my kite went

Have you decided what to eat?

So are you going to invite me to your party?

for

one step further

a bit faster

without saying

really well

down

5 km to

missing

Nearly. We've just got

It went

I think I'll go

last night?

I think I'll go

Of course – it goes

. You are my best friend after all.

No, I can't. And what's the big hurry anyway?

go.

. I think I've passed.

and try 110 kg.

No, there's still no sign of it anywhere.

I think it was somewhere in that field over there.

the steak, please.

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Find eight mystery adjectives.

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Match the numbers to what they describe.

a hundred

three hundred thousand

over two thousand

fifty

twelve thousand

The age of Teotihuacan.

The number of dogs that have died at the Overtoun Bridge in the last half century.

The age of the Lolladoff plate.

The age of the Nampa doll.

How far the Nampa doll was found under the earth.

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Read and choose the correct answer.

What sort of animals do the Nazca lines show?

cats

birds

dogs

spiders

fish

sharks

horses

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Solving the World Mysteries with Science:

The Nazca Lines of Peru

The Nazca Lines in Peru are huge pictures that were drawn into the ground by digging shallow lines into the earth. The lines take away the red stone which covers the surface leaving the white rock below exposed. An area of 190 square miles in the Nazca desert in Southern Peru is covered by these simple pictures, which include birds, spiders, fish and sharks. Some of these pictures are nearly 200 metres wide.

What's so mysterious about these lines? Well, although they date back to between 400 and 650 AD, they were only discovered in the 1930s. The reason for this is that the pictures only become clear when they are seen from the air. So it was only when aeroplanes started flying over the area that people realised what they were. Of course, this led to the question: how did these pictures get there all those years ago? How could these people have made such drawings without the ability to fly? Or did they have the ability to fly? Author Jim Woodman suggested that the Nazca people could have invented simple hot-air balloons and used them to produce the art. He even built a working balloon using materials they would have had. Not many people were convinced by his ideas though. Other people suggested the lines might be extraterrestrial, that they were the work of aliens visiting our Earth. More and more theories were offered and one of the great modern mysteries was born.

However, when some wooden sticks were found in the ground in the area and carbon-dated, it showed that they were from the same age as the drawings. Some scientists suggested that the Nazca people might have put these sticks in the ground to help them with the drawings. By placing the sticks in the correct positions and connecting them with long ropes, the Nazca people could have used them to draw the lines to make the pictures. One scientist, Dr. Joe Nickell of the University of Kentucky, was so sure that this was the answer that he decided to try and show how it could be done. Using only tools that the Nazca might have had, he set about trying to draw a huge picture of a bird on a piece of land. With a few friends it took him a few hours to produce a perfect Nazca picture and show how these pictures probably got there.

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Read and choose.

How were the lines drawn?

When and how were the pictures discovered?

What is Jim Woodman's theory?

What did he do to try and prove it?

How does Joe Nickell believe the lines were made?

What did he do to prove these ideas?

by digging shallow lines into the earth.

with a pencil.

by scratching the surface with a knife.

They were discovered in the 1950s by tourists.

They were discovered in the 1930s from the air.

That the Nazca people produced the drawings to communicate.

He researched ancient art work.

He built a working balloon using the materials they would have had.

He believes that the Nazca people put sticks in the ground to help with their drawings.

He believes that the Nazca people used man-made rulers.

He tried to draw a huge picture of a bird on a piece of land using tools the Nazca might have had.

He searched for more drawings.

That the Nazca people invented simple hot-air balloons to produce the art.

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Solving the World Mysteries with Science:

The Nazca Lines of Peru

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Read and choose.

What does the writer think about the Bélmez faces?

They were fake.

They were real.

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[A] On the 23rd August 1971, María Gómez Cámara saw a human face appear on the kitchen floor of her home in the southern Spanish town of Bélmez. So she told her husband and son, who, [B] broke up the kitchen floor and laid down another. However when a second face appeared sometime after, word got out to the mayor of Bélmez. He ordered that the floor should be cut out and taken away for study.

Ever since these initial sightings, there have been a number of reports of the sudden appearance and disappearances of human faces in the kitchen floor. [C] tourists have visited La Casa de las Caras (The House of the Faces) hoping to experience the phenomena for themselves.

Of course, several theories were put forward to try and explain what was going on. One idea was that María herself could have produced the faces through a process called 'thoughtography', in which María was subconsciously projecting the pictures onto the floor from her mind.

Other people looked for a more scientific explanation and a lot of testing was done on the chemicals in the concrete. Studies showed that the images might have formed through chemical reactions. This could have been a natural process or it could have been done deliberately.

[D] I think the faces were made by María's husband or son. [E] To make a lot of money perhaps. [F] What about you?

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Place the phrases in the text.

Blogs are often quite informal and chatty in their style. Where do these informal phrases fit into the text?

I'm not a big believer in paranormal activity and

Why?

One of the weirdest things I've ever heard about are the Bélmez faces.

Well that's what I think.

probably not being too happy about it,

Millions of

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[D] I think the faces were made by María's husband or son. [E] To make a lot of money perhaps. [F] What about you?

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Match the phrases with their effects.

A way of introducing your own opinion

A way of summing up your thoughts

Using a question which you answer yourself to say what you think

Using a superlative to introduce the topic in a dramatic way

Exaggeration

One of the weirdest things I've ever heard about are the Bélmez faces.

I'm not a big believer in paranormal activity and

Millions of

Why?

probably not being too happy about it,

Imagining / supposing how someone must have felt

Well that's what I think.

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Listen and answer the questions.

Use one or two words.

What does Jennie want for her birthday?

What did Sean find in the fields?

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Match the answers to the questions.

CONVERSATION 1

Why is Lisa angry with Ollie?

What suggestion does Ollie make?

What does Lisa think of his suggestion?

What was Sean doing when he found something?

What does his mum tell him he should have done?

What is she going to do now?

CONVERSATION 2

He should have left it where it was and called the museum.

Because he told Jennie about the surprise party.

He could phone her and say he was just joking.

She's going to call the experts.

He was walking the dog.

Lisa thinks it's a bit late for it.

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Complete the sentences.

Use should(n't) and the verbs provided.

leave tell do take

Ollie:

I just asked what present I should bring her. She wants a book.

Lisa:

I can't believe you told her. You

that. It was supposed to be a surprise.

Ollie:

Well you

me that.

Lisa:

I did but obviously you weren't listening ... again!

Mum:

This is really old. It could be really important.

Sean:

You think?

Mum:

Yes, you

it. You

it where it was and called the museum.

Sean:

Why? I found it. It's mine.

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Complete the dialogues.

Order the sentences to create four mini dialogues.

DIALOGUE 1

PAUL

Have you seen the TV remote, Alex?

ALEX

PAUL

ALEX

PAUL

DIALOGUE 2

DANA

Any news from the police on the missing Picasso painting?

FOX

DANA

FOX

DANA

DIALOGUE 3

LUCY

My bike. Someone's stolen it!

JACK

LUCY

JACK

LUCY

So try the dog basket – Spike might have taken it.

Stolen it. Are you sure?

Well it was long enough for them to break the lock. I don't believe it!

Well, let's hope they arrest someone soon and find the painting.

I think it must have been someone who worked at the gallery.

Of course I'm sure. I left it locked up just here.

That's a good idea. I'll go and have a look.

It's probably down the side of the sofa. That's where it usually is.

They can't have gone far; we were only in the shop five minutes.

I've already searched the whole sofa. It's not there.

No, they don't even know how the robber got into the building.

Yes, I think you're right. Someone who knew how to turn off the alarm.

No, I haven't.

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Complete the text.

You will hear Gaby talking about an unforgettable school trip to the ancient monument of Stonehenge in South West England. Complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Gaby and her classmates spent most of their time in

on their UK

holiday.

The first thing that impressed her about Stonehenge was the

of it.

It's estimated that work started on Stonehenge

years ago.

The stones that were used in the

of construction came

from mountains about 240 miles away.

The heaviest stone in the monument weighs

tonnes.

To move the largest of the stones you would need a total of

men.

Gaby says that the difference between Stonehenge and

is that we can't be sure why it was built.

Some people say it was built to study the

in the night sky.

Gaby doesn't believe the stones were put there by

Gaby bought a

to remind her of her visit to Stonehenge.

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Exam guide: sentence completion

In part 2 of the listening exam, you will listen to a monologue (one person speaking) or a recording with two or more speakers lasting around three minutes. To answer the questions, you have to complete the sentences using the information you hear in the recording.

• You will be given plenty of time to read through the questions first. Read the sentences to help you prepare yourself for some of the things you will hear.

• Underline some of the key words in each of the sentences. This will help you focus on the important parts of the listening.

• The focus of this listening test is on detail, and to answer the questions correctly you will need to identify specific information. You should write the word(s) exactly as you hear them in the recording.

• The monologue can be quite long, so try to stay focussed. If you lose your place, remember that the questions are in the same order as the information in the recording, so concentrate on answering the next question.

• Use your second listening to focus on the answers you didn't get the first time round and to check the answers you did get.

• The answers tend to be a single word and you will rarely need to write more than three.

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