Presentation plus

Screen time

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Wordlist unit 5
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Test unit 5
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A 3

B (extra title)

C 1

D 2

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a 2

b 3

c 1

d 3

e 2

f 1

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should

must

let

must

should

need to

let

not allowed to

1 isn’t allowed to

2 ’re supposed to

3 don’t let

4 ’d better turn

‘at’ symbol

adaptor

charger

wireless router

USB port

power lead

headset

plug

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 should

2 must

3 let

Rule

1 must

2 should

3 need to

4 let

5 not allowed to

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1 isn’t allowed to

2 ’re supposed to

3 don’t let

4 ’d better turn

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A 3

B 1

C 6

D 2

E 9

F 10

G 4

H 5

I 7

J 8

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1 ‘at’ symbol

2 adaptor

3 charger

4 wireless router

5 USB port

6 power lead

7 headset

8 plug

1, 4 and 5

SHEENA: Hi, Aaron. Why weren’t you at the stadium on Saturday? You missed a really good game.

AARON: Well, I didn’t need to go because I was able to watch it live online.

SHEENA: What!

AARON: Yeah, we had Wifi installed a couple of weeks ago, and I’ve just been watching films and TV on my tablet for the past two weeks.

SHEENA: What!

AARON: Yeah, it’s great. I watch anything I want anytime. Anyway, what have you been doing?

SHEENA: Reading actually, In fact I’ve just read an article called ‘Three reasons why you shouldn’t watch too much TV’ – something you might be interested in?

AARON: On no, here we go.

SHEENA: So the first reason - you know what a ‘couch potato’ is, don’t you?

AARON: You’re not saying I’m turning into one, are you?

SHEENA: Well, you’d better be careful. Medical studies have shown that when people watch films and other things on screens too much, their brains become slower, and they feel sleepy.

AARON: That probably explains why I’m half asleep most of the time. Mind you I can’t remember the last time I went to bed before two in the morning.

SHEENA: Second reason. Not watching too much TV actually saves you money!

AARON: What? You mean watching TV costs me money? How come?

SHEENA: OK, any regular one hour segment on TV is made up of 40 minutes of actual content and 20 minutes of advertising. That’s a third of all TV viewing time.

AARON: But I don’t spend that much time watching TV actually. I watch downloaded films mostly so I don’t see the advertising.

SHEENA: Right. But did you know that there’s a lot of product placement in the films themselves, which is like being brainwashed? People buy what they see on TV and in films, and not what they need. This is why watching less TV or fewer films saves you money!

AARON: I’d never thought of that.

SHEENA: OK, and finally the third reason and this is the key, the key to changing your life NOW.

AARON: Can’t wait to hear it.

SHEENA: It’s so much more rewarding to spend time with real people than with the people you see on TV or in films.

AARON: Eh?

SHEENA: You know what I mean. Life’s about friendships. It’s about getting together with your friends, talking about the music you like, and sports, and other things. It’s about caring for real people, as I’ve said, and not about worrying about the people on screen.

AARON: Well, of course I know that! I’m not a fool. In fact I just wanted to ask you … erm.

SHEENA: to watch a film with you?

AARON: No! But there’s a concert in the park on Sunday, and I bought two tickets.

SHEENA: Hey, you needn’t have done that!

AARON: Why?

SHEENA: Because I did the same thing.

AARON: Oh no!

1 the game

2 watching films and TV

3 couch potato

4 two / 2 am

5 product

6 concert (in the park)

Yes

1 needn’t have done

2 didn’t need to do

1 streaming

2 connect to Wi-Fi

3 browsing the Internet

4 upgrading

5 sync devices

6 plugged in

7 posted an update

8 save

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1, 4 and 5

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1 the game

2 watching films and TV

3 couch potato

4 two/2 am

5 product placement

6 concert (in the park)

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1 No

2 Yes

Rule

1 needn’t have done

2 didn’t need to do

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1 a

2 b

3 b

4 a

5 b

6 a

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1 streaming

2 connect to wifi

3 browsing the Internet

4 upgrading

5 sync devices

6 plugged in

7 posted an update

8 save

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1 probably grandson and grandmother

2 He’s teaching her how to use a computer,
how to use the Internet.

Skype, Facebook, email, making a YouTube cooking tutorial, making a rap video, reconnecting with people

1 It’s a documentary.

2 It shows the story of teenagers teaching elderly people to use the Internet.

3 Poppy and Amy Raynes.

4 They were inspired after witnessing how the Internet had changed their grandparents’ lives.

5 friends

6 in a local home for elderly people

7 using Facebook / getting ideas for travelling, learning how to play an instrument or cooking

8 making a YouTube cooking tutorial, making a rap video and reconnecting with people

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1 probably grandson and grandmother

2 He’s teaching her how to use a computer, how to use the Internet.

Lorem ipsum dolor

Skype, Facebook, email, making a YouTube cooking tutorial, making a rap video, reconnecting with people

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 It’s a documentary.

2 It shows the story of teenagers teaching elderly people to use the Internet.

3 Poppy and Amy Raynes.

4 They were inspired after witnessing how the Internet had changed their grandparents’ lives.

5 friends

6 in a local home for elderly people

7 using Facebook / getting ideas for travelling, learning how to play an instrument or cooking

8 making a YouTube cooking tutorial, making a rap video and reconnecting with people

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could

managed

succeeded

couldn’t

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1 could

2 managed

3 succeeded

4 couldn’t

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1 B

2 A

3 B

4 B

5 B

6 C

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1 A magic lantern.

2 They invented a camera that took a picture every
half a second.

3 The 1930s.

1 Hand-drawn pictures on a reflecting
surface, a candle and a simple lens.

2 He projected images of witches, ghosts
and other spooky creatures.

3 It could only be watched by one person
at a time.

4 They filmed a train coming towards
the camera.

5 It developed talkies, documentaries and Westerns, creating over 800 films a year.

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1 A magic lantern.

2 They invented a camera that took a picture every half a second.

3 The 1930s.

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 Hand-drawn pictures on a reflecting surface, a candle and a simple lens.

2 He projected images of witches, ghosts and other spooky creatures.

3 It could only be watched by one person at a time.

4 They filmed a train coming towards the camera.

5 It developed talkies, documentaries and Westerns, creating over 800 films a year.

startled

reel

spooky

lens

forerunner

transparent

shutter

flourish

Suggested answer

It has been written for people who do not know how to save a file on a computer so that they do not lose files.

then

first thing

To do

This means

Finally

first thing

then

this means

Finally

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1 startled

2 reel

3 spooky

4 lens

5 forerunner

6 transparent

7 shutter

8 flourish

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Suggested answer

It has been written for people who do not know how to save a file on a computer so that they do not lose files.

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 If, then

2 first thing

3 To do

4 To

5 This means

6 Finally

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1 first thing

2 If, then

3 this means

4 To

5 Finally

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made

mustn’t

aren’t allowed to

had better

didn’t let

didn’t have to

My mum made me leave it at home.

My parents didn’t allow me to go.

You had better find it soon.

Sorry, I had to tidy my bedroom.

But you mustn’t give your phone to anyone.

No, my parents didn’t let me stay up for it.

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1 aren’t supposed to

2 didn’t need to

3 are not allowed to

4 don’t let me

5 have to

6 shouldn’t

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1 made

2 mustn’t

3 aren’t allowed to

4 had better

5 didn’t let

6 didn’t have to

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1 My mum made me leave it at home.

2 My parents didn’t allow me to go.

3 You had better find it soon.

4 Sorry, I had to tidy my bedroom.

5 But you mustn’t give your phone to anyone.

6 No, my parents didn’t let me stay up for it.

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Daniel didn’t need to do his homework last night.

Sally didn’t need to revise for her History exam.

I needn’t have taken a thick jumper with me yesterday.

Lucy needn’t have cooked Brian a birthday cake.

Liam didn’t need to have dinner at home.

We needn’t have taken a taxi to the hotel.

I didn’t need to call Lara.

James hasn’t succeeded in passing his driving test yet.

I haven’t been able to find my charger yet.

Sarah wasn’t able to swim yesterday.

We succeeded in climbing Ben Nevis at the weekend.

They weren’t able to access the Internet at the hotel last night.

He didn’t have much time but he managed to finish the project.

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1 d

2 h

3 g

4 b

5 a

6 c

7 f

8 e

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1 Daniel didn’t need to do his homework last night.

2 Sally didn’t need to revise for her History exam.

3 I needn’t have taken a thick jumper with me yesterday.

4 Lucy needn’t have cooked Brian a birthday cake.

5 Liam didn’t need to have dinner at home.

6 We needn’t have taken a taxi to the hotel.

7 I didn’t need to call Lara.

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1 James hasn’t succeeded in passing his driving test yet.

2 I haven’t been able to find my charger yet.

3 Sarah wasn’t able to swim yesterday.

4 We succeeded in climbing Ben Nevis at the weekend.

5 They weren’t able to access the Internet at the hotel last night.

6 He didn’t have much time but he managed to finish the project.

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1 must

2 shouldn’t

3 must

4 can’t

5 must

6 Must

7 wouldn’t

8 must

protective case

webcam

charger

power lead

plug

headset

wireless router

protective case

power lead

headset

webcam

s
t
r
e
a
m

p o t s

z i p

l
u
g

p g r d e s

x
t
r
a
c
t

s
a
v
e

s
y
n
c

b o w s

c o n e t

posted

upgrade

was browsing

zip

connect

save

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1 protective case – C

2 webcam – E

3 charger – D

4 power lead – F

5 plug – B

6 headset – A

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1 c

2 d

3 a

4 b

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1 wireless router

2 protective case

3 power lead

4 headset

5 webcam

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 stream

2 posts

3 zip

4 plug

5 upgrades

6 extract

7 save

8 sync

9 browse

10 connect

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1 posted

2 upgrade

3 was browsing

4 zip

5 connect

6 save

1 Children feel unfairly disadvantaged
compared with their peers, which can lead
to stressful family situations.

2 In the 1960s.

3 São Paulo in Brazil.

4 70%

5 Any three of the following: take photos; record
videos; check emails and Facebook; surf the
Internet; get directions; play games; shop; check
in for a flight

6 To be unreachable and truly switch off.

1 The number of known copies of Shakespeare’s First
Folio that still survive today.

2 The year from which the US Library of Congress have
archived all public Tweets sent by Americans.

3 The number of articles on Wikipedia.

1623

13th

Mesopotamia

special equipment

archive websites

printed copies

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1 Children feel unfairly disadvantaged compared with their peers, which can lead to stressful family situations.

2 In the 1960s.

3 São Paulo in Brazil.

4 70%

5 Any three of the following: take photos; record videos; check emails and Facebook; surf the Internet; get directions; play games; shop; check in for a flight

6 To be unreachable and truly switch off.

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1 The number of known copies of Shakespeare’s First Folio that still survive today.

2 The year from which the US Library of Congress have archived all public Tweets sent by Americans.

3 The number of articles on Wikipedia.

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1 1623

2 13th; Mesopotamia

3 special equipment

4 print

5 archive websites

6 printed copies

After that

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B, D and E

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First

Then

After that

Finally

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MATT: What do you think of the homework? I can’t believe Mr Harrow is making us write this thing.

ALICIA: You mean the video gaming guide for parents? I think it’s OK. Mind you, I’m not going to show it to my mum. She’s already worried about me spending too much time playing video games. She won’t let me play during the week at all.

OSCAR: You do spend a lot of time on the games console, Alicia. You should go out more.

ALICIA: Oh, no. Here we go. You’re going to give me another lecture now, Oscar, aren’t you? I don’t always play games on the console. I stream movies and videos and I watch DVDs.

OSCAR: Yeah, but Alicia, you don’t play tennis any more and you’ve stopped going to the swimming club. You just sit at home now.

ALICIA: What do you mean?

MATT: You know what he means. You just sit around staring at screens all day.

OSCAR: You’re turning into a couch potato. You need to do some exercise.

ALICIA: Do you really think that?

OSCAR: Yes. You don’t see your friends any more. You just sit at home.

ALICIA: I text my friends all the time.

MATT: That’s not the same as seeing them. You should see your friends more often. You’ll end up losing them otherwise. They’ll all make new friends.

ALICIA: You’re right. I haven’t seen Jo for weeks. We used to do everything together.

OSCAR: She came back from her skiing trip yesterday. You should call her.

ALICIA: OK. I’ll call her now and ask her to come and meet us at Bob’s Café.

JO: Hi, Alicia. I haven’t heard from you for ages.

ALICIA: I know, I’m sorry. Listen. Matt, Oscar and I are going to Bob’s Café. Would you like to come along? We can’t wait to hear about your skiing trip.

JO: I’d love to come. I’ll meet you all there in an hour.

ALICIA: Great. We’ll see you there. Oh, and you don’t need to bring any money – it’s on me!

MATT: She’s coming then?

ALICIA: Yes.

OSCAR: We already knew that.

ALICIA: How come?

MATT: Jo rang me this morning. She was upset because you haven’t called her for weeks. I told her not to worry. You’d call her today.

Write a video gaming guide for parents.

Because Alicia’s mum is already worried that she spends too much time playing video games.

She should stop sitting around staring at screens all day.

He suggests that Alicia calls Jo. / He suggests that Alicia does some exercise.

Jo’s skiing trip.

Because Alicia hadn’t called her for weeks.

MATT: What do you think of the homework? I can’t believe Mr Harrow is making us write this thing.

OSCAR: You do spend a lot of time on the games console, Alicia. You should go out more.

ALICIA: Oh, no. Here we go. You’re going to give me another lecture now, Oscar, aren’t you? I don’t always play games on the console. I stream movies and videos and I watch DVDs.

OSCAR: Yeah, but Alicia, you don’t play tennis any more and you’ve stopped going to the swimming club. You just sit at home now.

ALICIA: What do you mean?

MATT: You know what he means. You just sit around staring at screens all day.

OSCAR: You’re turning into a couch potato. You need to do some exercise.

ALICIA: Do you really think that?

OSCAR: Yes. You don’t see your friends any more. You just sit at home.

ALICIA: I text my friends all the time.

MATT: That’s not the same as seeing them. You should see your friends more often. You’ll end up losing them otherwise. They’ll all make new friends.

ALICIA: You’re right. I haven’t seen Jo for weeks. We used to do everything together.

OSCAR: She came back from her skiing trip yesterday. You should call her.

ALICIA: OK. I’ll call her now and ask her to come and meet us at Bob’s Café.

JO: Hi, Alicia. I haven’t heard from you for ages.

ALICIA: I know, I’m sorry. Listen. Matt, Oscar and I are going to Bob’s Café. Would you like to come along? We can’t wait to hear about your skiing trip.

JO: I’d love to come. I’ll meet you all there in an hour.

ALICIA: Great. We’ll see you there. Oh, and you don’t need to bring any money – it’s on me!

MATT: She’s coming then?

ALICIA: Yes.

OSCAR: We already knew that.

ALICIA: How come?

MATT: Jo rang me this morning. She was upset because you haven’t called her for weeks. I told her not to worry. You’d call her today.

is making us write

won’t let me play

should go out

need to do

don’t need to bring

made me

have to help me

need to finish

make me do it

had better get

should leave

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1 video games

2 texts

3 upset

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 Write a video gaming guide for parents.

2 Because Alicia’s mum is already worried that she spends too much time playing video games.

3 She should stop sitting around staring at screens all day.

4 He suggests that Alicia calls Jo. / He suggests that Alicia does some exercise.

5 Jo’s skiing trip.

6 Because Alicia hadn’t called her for weeks.

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1 is making us write; won’t let me play; should go out

2 need to do

3 don’t need to bring

Lorem ipsum dolor

1 made me

2 have to help me; need to finish; make me do it

3 had better get; should leave

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1 D

2 B

3 A

4 C

5 B

6 A

7 D

8 C

9 B

10 A

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Read and match.

There is one extra title.

The consequences of 24-hour availability

It's a rich person's world

Parents need to establish limits

Fewer screens, better lives

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1 How much screen time do you allow your children?

This has become one of the most challenging issues

of modern parenting. Most experts are in agreement

that screen time should be limited and warn against

allowing children to spend too long in front of a

screen. However, it's not always so easy to follow

their advice. Clearly children can't see the potential

harm that an excessive amount of time spent in front

of a screen might do. Furthermore, peer pressure means that they feel unfairly disadvantaged when their parents say they must switch their electronic devices off, which in turn often leads to stressful family situations. It's easy to see why so many parents give in and let their children look at screens for far too long. Unfortunately this quick and simple solution creates greater problems in the long term, such as the negative effects on attention span, fitness levels and mood, as children become more and more irritable after being exposed to so much screen time. Of course, this is a situation that has been with us since the popularisation of TV in the 1960s; it's just with the predominance of screens in modern life, it's become a lot more serious.

2 Far from being dark at night, most modern cities are awash with colour from artificial lighting, and these huge TV screens and neon signs are making it difficult for many residents to get a good night's sleep. One city has decided to take action against this night time pollution.

With a population of over 11 million, São Paulo is the biggest city in Brazil and one of the ten biggest cities in the world. Not so long ago, the local government decided to pass the 'Clean City Law' which said that large outdoor advertising was not allowed any more and that all existing signs had to be taken down despite the financial losses it meant for the city. The advertising companies may not have been happy but the people living in the city were, with more than 70% agreeing that the ban had improved their quality of life.

3 Mobile phones have become such an important part of our lives that it's difficult to imagine how we could live without them. Of course, making and receiving calls is only one of their functions. We use them to take photos, record videos, check our email and Facebook accounts, surf the Internet, give us directions, play games, shop, check in for a flight, the list seems almost endless. But it wasn't all that long ago that people didn't need mobile phones and managed to live without them quite easily and maybe we were all just a little bit happier. In the old days, if you wanted to call someone, you phoned their house. If they weren't home, it was just bad luck. However, because the mobile phone is mobile, we now phone the person directly and if they don't pick up immediately then we get annoyed. We expect people to be reachable all day every day. The result of this expectation is that no one is allowed to relax any more. We're supposed to answer our phones whether we're at work, at home, on holiday or even asleep. We have lost the ability to be unreachable and to truly switch off.

Smart screens?

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Read and choose.

the harm screens can do even when we're not watching them?

why none of us are really out of contact any more?

the effect of screen time on the family?

how it's almost impossible to live without modern technology?

the financial implications of trying to limit the use of technology?

the effects of spending too much time in front of a screen?

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1 How much screen time do you allow your children?

This has become one of the most challenging issues

of modern parenting. Most experts are in agreement

that screen time should be limited and warn against

allowing children to spend too long in front of a

screen. However, it's not always so easy to follow

their advice. Clearly children can't see the potential

harm that an excessive amount of time spent in front

Smart screens?

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Read and complete.

Most experts are in agreement that screen time

They feel unfairly disadvantaged when their parents say they

Many parents give in and

switch their electronic devices off.

their children look at screens all the time.

be limited.

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Read and complete.

Their daughter can't go out after 8 pm. (allowed)

Their daughter

Their young son isn't allowed to watch TV all day. (let)

They

You

You should really turn off the TV if you don't want to get a headache. (better)

go out after 8 pm.

Our teacher expects us to put up our hand if we want to ask a question.

put up our hand if we want to ask a question.

their young son watch TV all day.

off the TV if you don't want to get a headache.

You must use between two and five words including the word given.

(supposed)

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Read and match.

USB port

headset

adaptor

webcam

plug

charger

'at' symbol

power lead

protective case

wireless router

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Read and complete.

There's something wrong with that email address. There's no

I forgot to bring a UK

battery. Can I borrow yours?

You can't get a wi-fi signal? Have you checked if the

My laptop's only got one

my phone at the same time.

I couldn't use my laptop. I left the

I'm going to plug in my

It's the wrong

switched on?

what you're saying.

power lead

'at' symbol

charger

plug

adaptor

headset

USB port

in it.

I left the

for my phone at home and I'm almost out of

so I can't plug in my mouse and

at home and it was out

of battery.

. I don't want everyone to hear

. You need an adaptor.

wireless router

I couldn't plug in my laptop.

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Read and complete.

Sheena wants to know why Aaron missed

Aaron's been spending a lot of time

tablet recently.

Aaron asks Sheena if she thinks he's becoming a

Aaron's been staying up until

Sheena warns Aaron about hidden advertising or

Aaron wants to invite Sheena to an outdoor

on Saturday.

and

recently.

on Sunday.

in films.

placement

on his

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Read and choose.

Did Aaron go to the stadium?

Did Aaron buy two tickets?

I didn't need to go [to the stadium] because I was able to watch it live online.

You needn't have [bought two tickets] because I did ...

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Read and choose.

She needn't have cooked.

She took her umbrella but it was a really sunny day.

I didn't need to do it.

Mum came and ate with us at the restaurant.

She needn't have cooked.

She didn't have to cook.

I spent ages doing my homework last night and now Mr Peters isn't here to

take it in.

Mum cooked a big meal for us but we'd already eaten.

She didn't have to cook.

She didn't need to take it.

She needn't have taken it.

I didn't need to do it.

The forecast said that it was going to be a lovely sunny day. So she left her

She needn't have taken it.

She didn't need to take it.

Mr Peters told us we had a choice to do the homework or not.

I needn't have done it.

umbrella at home.

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She broke her mobile phone a week ago. She _________ to access any social networks since then.

He was so moved by the award he received that he _________ continue with his speech.

He played football again for the first time after his injury, but he only _________ play for 20 minutes.

She had to ask several people until she finally _________ in finding some help.

My little brother _________ to walk just before his first birthday.

I tried to climb that mountain once, but I _________ to get to the top because of the bad weather.

couldn't

hasn't been able

hasn't succeeded

wasn't able to

succeeded in

could

managed to

succeeded in

managed

succeeded

could

was able

succeeded

couldn't

didn't succeed

didn't manage

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Read and match.

very surprised

a round, wheel-shaped object on which film, etc. can be rolled

scary

a curved piece of glass in a camera or projector that makes objects seem closer, larger, smaller, etc.

something that acted as an early less advanced model of another thing that will appear in the future

that you can see through

the part of a reel film projector that opens to allow light to reach the film

grow rapidly

lens

transparent

spooky

shutter

forerunner

reel

startled

flourish

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Early days: the magic lantern

Since its early days, the evolution of the art of film has been influenced by the development of science.

Several scientists in the 18th century (amongst them Kircher, Huygens and Fontana) developed devices that used hand-drawn pictures on a reflecting surface, a candle and a simple lens to project images

onto a wall. These devices are what are now referred to as 'magic lanterns'.

More than a hundred years later, in 1798 in Paris, Etienne Gaspar Robert's magic lantern presentations were the talk of the town. His audience sat on one side of a transparent screen while he sat on the other with his magic lantern. He regularly succeeded in scaring his enthusiastic audiences with images of witches, ghosts and other spooky creatures. He created these images by using various technical tricks such as moving the lantern, using a shutter to create fading effects and changing the focus. In many ways, his shows were the forerunner of modern horror films.

The invention of film

The late 19th century saw the development of reel film. At first it was made of paper and then, later, of a scientific invention called celluloid. In the USA, Thomas Edison and William Dickenson invented a camera that automatically took a picture of a moving object every half second. The pictures were then transferred onto film and could be watched through a machine called the kinetoscope. The film could only be watched by one person at a time, looking through a small window to see the moving images.

The 1930s are often called the Golden Era of Hollywood, which is famous for the development of the first talkies (up to then all films had been silent), documentaries and also Western films.

The next step in the evolution of film was when brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière developed the cinematographe, which made it possible to take moving pictures and project large images. This used the same lens technology as that which had been developed for the magic lantern. They started producing short films that were all roughly 50 seconds long. The most famous one was The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station. It is said that when the film was shown for the first time, the audience was so startled by the huge image of the train coming towards them that they started to scream and run away.

Hollywood

The 1920s were the most important years for the development of modern film. In that period, film studios came into existence and 'stars' were born. The film industry began to flourish, with Hollywood becoming the world's number one place for film production, with over 800 films being made there each year.

When Pictures Learnt to Walk and Talk: The History of Film

These days, of course, modern cinema audiences are used to state-of-the-art computer generated imagery (CGI) to bring fantastical worlds and unbelievably realistic creatures onto the screen in stunning 3D. It's sometimes difficult to see how it can be improved upon. But as science and technology continue to develop at lightning speed, we can assume that our cinematic experience will continue to get better and better.

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Read and complete.

you will be using a word

processing program.

The

save the file, click on 'file' again.

, when you close your document, a dialogue box will appear.

your file is a written document,

you need to do is to create a new file.

this, open up the program.

, you will be able to find your file easily.

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One of the most important things you need to learn to do when using a computer to write documents is to learn how to save a file.

If your file is a written document, then you will be using a word processing program such as Microsoft Word. The first thing you need to do is to create a new file. To do this, open up the program by clicking on the icon.

When the program has opened, click on the icon 'file' in the top left-hand corner of the screen and choose 'new' from the drop-down menu. This will create a new document for you.

A dialogue box or window will open asking you to type in the name of your document. You will also need to choose a location for the file. Select 'desktop' from the list on the left-hand side of the box. This means you will be able to find your file easily when you start your computer.

I would recommend saving this document, before you have written anything. This means that if your computer shuts down unexpectedly, you won't lose the file. To save the file, click on 'file' again. From the drop-down menu choose 'save'.

Finally, when you close your document, a dialogue box will appear asking if you want to save any changes. Click 'yes' and this will ensure you never lose any of your work.

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Read and complete.

To take photos, the

you're serious about photography,

best camera you can afford.

Choose a camera with a high number of pixels –

have good quality images.

find out which are the best cameras, do research on

the Internet.

first thing

finally

then

this means

you need is a camera.

that you'll

, start snapping and have fun!

buy the

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Read and choose.

You

your teeth.

My parents

me to spend all evening on it.

You

eat too many sweet things. They're bad for

buy a new tablet. He already had one.

eat in the library. It's not permitted.

use my computer after 8 pm. They don't want

turn off our phones in school. We can't use them

in class.

spend all evening texting your friends. Do something

else instead.

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Read and complete.

'You have to wear a hat and scarf today. It's cold.'

'You have to get to school early tomorrow. The coach leaves at 8 am.'

'You can't bring your dog into this restaurant.'

'I really need a new school jumper. This one is too small.'

'You can't go to the cinema tonight.'

My dad

take our dog into the restaurant.

'It wasn't necessary for Tom to lend me his tablet.'

me wear a hat and scarf today.

made

didn't have to

mustn't

had better

aren't allowed to

My mum

be late to school tomorrow morning.

buy a new jumper.

us go to the cinema last night.

lend me his tablet.

Tom

didn't let

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Read and put the words in order.

Why haven't you got your mobile phone with you today?

Why didn't you come climbing on Saturday?

parents / My / not allow / to / me / go

mum / My / make / it / leave / me / at / home

Are you ready to go yet?

Why were you late yesterday?

had better / You / find / it / soon

No, I can't find my Geography homework.

. The class has already started.

Use the correct form of the verbs.

have to / I / my / Sorry, / bedroom / tidy

I gave Joanna my phone yesterday.

must not / you / But / give / phone / your / anyone / to

Did you see the match last night?

stay / it / parents / No, / up / not let / my / me / for

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Read and match.

The battery for my laptop has run out.

I don't have enough space on my hard drive.

I didn't have a European plug.

We were late yesterday.

I arrived an hour before the concert.

I bought a Spanish dictionary yesterday.

I failed my History exam.

My friends keep texting me. I can't work.

You needn't have left home so early.

You needed to take an earlier bus.

I've got one. You needn't have bought one.

You need to get a charger.

Turn your phone off. You need to finish your homework.

You needed to do more revision for it.

You needed to get an adaptor.

You need to delete some files.

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Read and complete.

I bought two concert tickets. My friend had already bought them.

Daniel didn't do his homework last night. He'd already done it the night before.

Sally didn't revise for her History exam. She passed it easily anyway.

I took a thick jumper with me yesterday but it was a hot, sunny day.

Lucy cooked Brian a birthday cake but his mum had already bought him one

Lucy

Liam didn't have dinner at home because he knew there was food at the party.

Liam

his homework last night.

her History exam.

a thick jumper with me yesterday.

Brian a birthday cake.

dinner at home.

We took a taxi from the station but the hotel was only 200 metres away so we

Daniel

Sally

from the shops.

could have walked there.

a taxi to the hotel.

I'd already sent Lara a text and that's why I didn't call her.

Lara.

Use didn't need to or needn't have.

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Read and complete.

I / not manage / mend / my phone / yet

James / not succeed / pass / his driving test / yet

I / not able to / find / my charger / yet

Sarah / not able to / swim / yesterday

We / succeed / climb / Ben Nevis / at the weekend

They / not able to / access / the Internet / at / the hotel / last night

They

his driving test yet.

my charger yet.

yesterday.

Ben Nevis at the weekend.

the Internet at the hotel last night.

He / not have / much / time / but / he / manage to / finish / the project

James

Sarah

the project.

Use could, was / were able to, managed to, succeeded in doing.

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Read and choose.

They

I really

Harry

To get this job applicants

Non-Chinese speakers won't be considered.

you do that? It's highly irritating!

The children

The spectators

across it!

admit that peer pressure can be a problem.

be using artificial flowers – it doesn't look nice.

a new headset; this one doesn't work very well.

get have arrived yet as his car isn't here.

be proficient speakers in Chinese.

home late unless there was a problem.

have seen the man run on stage. He ran right

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GET IT RIGHT!

must

Learners often use should, would, and can instead of must.

✗

I mustn't forget to give you my phone number.

✓

I shouldn't forget to give you my phone number.

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Read and write the words.

vetecitpro seac

ewmabc

gcerahr

woper dela

glup

dehates

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Look and match.

protective case

webcam

charger

power lead

plug

headset

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Read and match.

I'm connecting my camera to my laptop.

You need to include it in your email address.

What do I need to connect to the wifi?

You can't use a European plug here.

wireless router

adaptor

USB port

'at' symbol

What do they need?

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Read and match.

It provides access to the Internet or to a private computer network.

It stops my phone from being scratched or damaged.

It connects my laptop to the mains electricity.

You can use it to video chat over the Internet.

headset

webcam

power lead

wireless router

It holds an earphone and a microphone in place on your head.

protective case

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Complete the crossword.

My sister ... updates on her blog once a week.

My dad usually ... his phone every two years.

When I want to email big files, I always ... them.

You can find lots of interesting information when you ... the Internet.

If you go to the café on the High Street, you can ... to the wifi for free.

We ... interviews with our favourite singers.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

I'd better ... my laptop in before the battery dies.

I need to learn how to ... a file from a zipped folder.

I ... all of my digital photos on my memory stick.

ACROSS

DOWN

I want to ... music from my laptop onto my phone.

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Read and complete.

zip save browse connect post upgrade

No, I haven't had time.

You've had the same phone for years. You should

I don't want to. I'm happy with this one.

You look tired.

You should

anything interesting on your blog this week?

I've got no space left on my hard drive.

I am. I

the Internet for hours last night.

Use the correct form of the technology verbs.

some of the large files. That will free

How do I

my games console to the Internet?

You need access to a wireless connection.

There isn't enough space to

photos on my hard drive.

all my music and

Have you

You should store them on a cloud server.

up some space.

for a newer model.

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Read and complete.

What do these numbers refer to?

234 refers to the number of known copies of

2006 refers to the year from which the US Library of congress has

that still survive today.

sent by Americans.

4.7 million refers to the number of

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Libraries around the world still hold copies of books printed hundreds of years ago. Will e-books still be accessible to us in hundreds of years' time? Librarians are worried that digital information and digital books are already being lost. Technology is always changing, and even now, we cannot access information typed in programs we used ten or fifteen years ago. Is digital data in danger of disappearing into a digital black hole?

Amazingly, we still have copies of the first published collection of William Shakespeare's 36 plays, The First Folio. That's not bad for a book that's nearly 500 years old. The folio was published in 1623. Around 800 copies were printed and 234 known copies still survive today.

More amazingly, there are still copies of the 13th century scientist Al-Jazari's illustrated book on automation and robotics, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. It is thought that Al-Jazari finished writing his book on the 16th January 1206 in Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey) and copies still survive today.

Books are quite easy to store. They hold a large amount of information in a small space. Most importantly, we don't need any special equipment to open them. But what about the documents stored on your computer now? Will people be able to read them in 800, 500 or even 10 years' time?

The Digital Black Hole

Technology moves fast. Documents we saved on floppy discs ten or twenty years ago can't be accessed now. We can't open them on our 21st century laptops. What about all your digital photographs? Every second, thousands of them are uploaded to social media. There is no physical copy. What will happen to them? Will they be lost in a few years' time? Now you save them in .jpg or .tiff format. In ten years' time, there will be another format and another program to open your photos with. This new program will not be able to open your old .jpg or .tiff files. People have recognised this problem and there are now online retailers who will print physical photo albums of your Facebook posts.

Music is in danger of being lost too. We have to think of new ways to store it. The increasing disappearance of the technology to play tapes, vinyl records and even CDs means that millions of music recordings and songs could be lost forever. Archivists must copy this music or find the best way of preserving it for future generations.

When a website closes down, all the information on that website is deleted. It's gone forever. It has disappeared into the 'digital black hole'. Organisations have understood this issue. In 2004, the British Library in the UK started to archive websites that are important culturally and academically for future generations, just like paper-based literature. In 2010, the US Library of Congress signed an agreement with Twitter to archive public Tweets sent by Americans. They have archived all public Tweets sent since the start of Twitter in 2006. That's 400 million Tweets every day!

Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, holds more than 4.7 million articles. It is the result of over 100 million hours of work. In the event of a digital catastrophe, it could all disappear. The only solution is to print it all out and keep physical copies. In 2014, Pediapress launched a crowdfunding scheme with the aim of raising $50,000 to print Wikipedia as 1,000 books of 1,200 pages each.

With all the amazing new digital technology available to us today, we still have to rely on the centuries-old technology of printing. For now, it seems printed copies are still the safest way to store information.

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Read and complete.

Shakespeare's First Folio was published in

Al-Jazari's book about automation and robotics was written at the beginning

of the

You don't have to have any

In order to solve the problem of losing your digital photos, you should

We must

Even though we have lots of amazing new technology,

are still the most secure way to save information.

century in

to open a book.

physical copies of them.

and public Tweets for future generations.

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The Digital Black Hole

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Read and choose.

the ringtones

the battery life

the pen

the camera

the games

Which things are important when he's buying a phone?

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My Instruction Guide to Buying a New Phone

What do you look for when you buy a phone? Does your phone have to be the latest model? Does it have to look good or do you just want a phone that's easy to use and small enough to fit in your pocket? Before you buy your new phone, decide what's important to you.

First I look at the battery life of a phone. That's very important to me. It must have a long battery life. It mustn't ever go flat on me. Next I look at the camera quality. I like taking photos so I have to have a phone with a good camera. I also like to have a phone with a big screen so I can see the photos clearly. Then I look at how easy it is to do things, for example adding a name to my contacts, finding someone in my contacts, sending a text message to multiple people, using the autocorrect and sending a photo. After that I check the games. What are they like? Finally, I look at the price of the phone. Is it affordable? I do that last but my mum says I should do it first!

Everyone has different priorities when buying a phone, but these are the things that are important to me.

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Read the text.

First

Then

Finally

Then complete this list of sequencing words.

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My Instruction Guide to Buying a New Phone

Everyone has different priorities when buying a phone, but these are the things that are important to me.

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Listen and choose.

Alicia spends a lot of time playing

Alicia

When Jo called Matt, she was

her friends all the time.

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Read and complete.

Matt:

You mean the video gaming guide for parents? I think it's OK. Mind you, I'm not going to show it to my mum. She's already worried about me spending too much time playing video games. She

Alicia:

Oscar:

during the week at all.

Alicia:

money – it's on me!

You know what he means. You just sit around staring at screens all day.

this thing.

What do you mean?

You do spend a lot of time on the games console, Alicia. You

more.

You're turning into a couch potato. You

Matt:

Oscar:

some exercise.

Hi, Alicia. I haven't heard from you for ages.

Jo:

Alicia:

I know, I'm sorry. Listen. Matt, Oscar and I are going to Bob's Café. Would you like to come along? We can't wait to hear about your skiing trip.

Jo:

I'd love to come. I'll meet you all there in an hour.

Great. We'll see you there. Oh, and you

Alicia:

any

What do you think of the homework? I can't believe Mr Harrow

Use words from the conversation.

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Read and complete.

Hi, Susie. How did your audition go yesterday?

Maria:

Susie:

Jake:

I can't. I'm busy. I

Antonio:

Sarah:

Antonio:

What's the matter with you?

Antonio:

Joe:

need to finish

had better get

made me

have to help me

should leave

I don't think I'll get a part in the school play.

Susie:

You know I can't sing in tune.

You

Oh, no. Here we go.

You can't

, Jake.

I'm just tired. That's all.

Why are you so tired?

No, I can't, but Mum can and she's just come home now.

I'm not sure. Mind you, I did go to sleep really late last night. I started browsing the Internet and I couldn't stop.

That explains it then. You

Maria:

How come?

I made a mess of the audition. I couldn't remember my lines. It was

awful. Then they

this essay.

You're always busy. You never do anything around the house.

make me do it

sing. And that was worse.

with the washing up, Sarah. Mum told you to.

Jake:

Sarah:

Jake:

You're always on your phone or on your laptop. I always have to do the washing up. It's not fair.

Sarah:

Joe:

some sleep now.

And you

your phone in the living room at

night. If it's not in your bedroom, you won't be able to go online. Problem solved.

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Read and choose.

you have to work with a small group of people.

the main focus will be Hypertext Markup Language.

you have to have some artistic and creative ability.

you will learn the necessary skills to get a job with a digital company.

you will learn the basics of web development.

the first thing you do is learn to draw on a computer.

you must face new challenges each day.

there is time away from the screens to participate in activities outside.

you will leave with the skills to develop you own web pages.

there will be competitions so students can test their skills.

The courses may be chosen more than once.

On this course...

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Courses for the digital age

This course is for creative people who like to draw. You don't have to have amazing drawing skills but you need to have some artistic talent. You start learning how to draw on the computer and you finish by making interactive films. You work very closely with teachers to learn the essential techniques. You choose to do either game design or an animation. There is a huge gaming library at the camp so you will have the opportunity to test your gaming skills against other students in our gaming tournaments.

Course B: Web

This course is for teens who want to create their own web pages and websites. On this course, you will learn the foundations of web development. The primary focus of the course is HTML, which makes up the building blocks of the Internet. You will leave the camp with your own web page and you will be able to go home and create other web pages.

Course C: Coding

This course is ideal for students with some programming experience who want to improve their coding skills. Most devices, programs, computers and robots run on software applications so you must have programming, scripting and coding skills to get a job with a digital company. You will learn from experienced and supportive staff and you will leave the school equipped with the basic skills. There are two hours of outdoor sports activities a day to get some fresh air.

Course D: Robotics

This course is all about robots. You will work in small teams and learn how to use VEX® Robotics Design System. You'll build a robot that will compete in robo-football and obstacle courses. You will learn how to build robotic arms and advanced sensors. Every day will present you with a new challenge and every day will be more fun and more inspiring than the last.

Tech Heaven

Course A: Animation

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