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1 /aɪ/ igh, ie, i and i_e

2 /ǝʊ/ oe, o_e and ow

3 /eɪ/ ay, a_e, ai and aigh

4 /aʊ/ ou and ow

5 /ɔɪ/ oi and oy;

They make the meaning of the words stronger.

The letters ‘gh’ are pronounced with the /f/ consonant sound in ‘laugh’ and ‘enough’. The letters are silent in ‘thought’, ‘through’, ‘brought’ and ‘right’.

1 primary

2 secondary

3 particle

4 verb

The schwa - /ǝ/

Unit 1

1.1

1 /aɪ/ igh, ie, i and i_e

2 /ǝʊ/ oe, o_e and ow

3 /eɪ/ ay, a_e, ai and aigh

4 /aʊ/ ou and ow

5 /ɔɪ/ oi and oy;

1.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 2

2.1

Students listen and repeat.

2.2

1 primary

2 secondary

3 particle

4 verb

2.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 3

3.1

Students listen and repeat.

3.2

They make the meaning of the words stronger.

3.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 4

4.1

The letters ‘gh’ are pronounced with the /f/ consonant sound in ‘laugh’ and ‘enough’. The letters are silent in ‘thought’, ‘through’, ‘brought’ and ‘right’.

4.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 5

5.1

The schwa - /ǝ/

5.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 6

6.1

Students listen and repeat.

6.2

1 primary

2 secondary

3 particle

4 verb

↘ don’t let it ↗ get you ↘ down.

↘ look on the ↗ bright ↘ side

↘ It’ll be ↗all ↘ right!

↘ I know you ↗ can ↘ do it!

When the contraction is followed by a
vowel sound, the /v/ is pronounced:
‘You should’ve asked your dad’
/ˈʃʊdǝˈvaːskt/.

The letter ‘h’ is silent in unstressed words ‘he’ and ‘her’.

Unit 7

7.1

Students listen and repeat.

7.2

↘ don’t let it ↗ get you ↘ down.

↘ look on the ↗ bright ↘ side

↘ It’ll be ↗all ↘ right!

↘ I know you ↗ can ↘ do it!

7.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 8

8.1

Students listen and repeat.

8.2

When the contraction is followed by a vowel sound, the /v/ is pronounced: ‘You should’ve asked your dad’ /ˈʃʊdǝˈvaːskt/.

8.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 9

9.1

Students listen and repeat.

9.2

me (j) off

so (w) angry

you (w) ask

to (w) explain

be (j) able

you (w) always

to (w) everything

so (w) annoying

be (j) angry

be (j) annoying

9.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 10

10.1

Students listen and repeat.

10.2

He hurt her feelings.

He said he didn’t like her new haircut.

Did he mean to upset her?

Of course he didn’t!

The letter ‘h’ is silent in unstressed words ‘he’ and ‘her’.

10.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 11

11.1

Students listen and repeat.

11.2

(main stress shown in bold with secondary stress underlined):

might have already visited us

might have, I suppose

may have built the pyramids

could be true

may be in our town.

11.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 12

12.1

Students listen and repeat.

12.2

1 We’re(r) off on our(r) adventure on Saturday.

2 We’re going far(r) away to explore(r) amazing places.

3 We hope to learn more(r) about our(r) incredible Earth.

4 We’ll remember (r)our (r)adventure for (r)ever!

5 Join us on our (r)adventure – follow our (r)excellent blog!

12.3

Students listen and repeat.

They wanted to go sailing but the weather conditions were too extreme.

I enjoy wandering around outdoor markets when I’m on holiday.

Correct

Do you think you’ll manage to complete the mountain climb?

Correct

Kate had hoped to reach the glacier by early afternoon but slipped on the ice and broke her leg.

The children learnt to build a shelter during the survival course.

Megan was thrilled when she got her exam results as she’d expected to fail.

1 The grey whale is the animal that / which swims about 18,000 km every year. (defining)

2 Domenico Lucano had an idea that/which saved his village. (defining)

3 Our teacher always praises us when we’ve done well in a test, which helps give us confidence. (non-defining)

4 I spoke to him using Italian, which I had learnt while working there. (non-defining)

5 Elana has decided to live abroad, which I think is very brave of her. (non-defining)

Verb patterns

1 They wanted to go sailing but the weather conditions were too extreme.

2 I enjoy wandering around outdoor markets when I’m on holiday.

3 Correct

4 Do you think you’ll manage to complete the mountain climb?

5 Correct

6 Kate had hoped to reach the glacier by early afternoon but slipped on the ice and broke her leg.

7 The children learnt to build a shelter during the survival course.

8 Megan was thrilled when she got her exam results as she’d expected to fail.

remember, try, stop, regret and forget

1 to buy

2 to get a drink

3 climbing

4 to climb

5 studying

6 going

7 to complete

8 to inform

that and which in relative clauses

1c The grey whale is the animal that/which swims about 18,000 km every year. (defining)

2e Domenico Lucano had an idea that/which saved his village. (defining)

3a Our teacher always praises us when we’ve done well in a test, which helps give us confidence. (non-defining)

4f I spoke to him using Italian, which I had learnt while working there. (non-defining)

5d Elana has decided to live abroad, which I think is very brave of her. (non-defining)

correct

They went through a bad time
which / that lasted a few months.

correct

Those are the residents who / that live in that building over there.

The Tuareg are the people who / that
regularly cross national borders.

many

much

many

much

1 ~~The~~ Most of my teachers at school were quite strict.

4 Sally tried on a few outfits but ~~the~~ most of them were too big for her.

5 It would be interesting to know if most of people agreed with Amy Chua’s parenting ideas.

6 Were ~~the~~ most of your old school friends at the reunion?

Relative pronouns

1 correct

2 correct

3 They went through a bad time which/that lasted a few months.

4 correct

5 Those are the residents who/that live in that building over there.

6 The Tuareg are the people who/that regularly cross national borders.

much vs. many

1 many

2 much

3 much

4 many

5 much

6 much

much and most

1 ~~The~~ Most of my teachers at school were quite strict.

2 Correct

3 Correct

4 Sally tried on a few outfits but ~~the~~ most of them were too big for her.

5 It would be interesting to know if most of people agreed with Amy Chua’s parenting ideas.

6 Were ~~the~~ most of your old school friends at the reunion?

1 Liam used to be very bad-tempered but he’s nicer now.

2 There’s a lot of planning involved in my job so I am usually organised.

3 When I was at school we used to sit in a row in some lessons.

4 They usually go to school by bus except for Tuesdays when they walk.

5 The man who used to live there moved to Spain.

6 Sarah usually watches a lot of TV when she hasn’t got much homework.

harder

best

happiest

higher

hardest

better

highest

happier

1 Despite the fact she confessed to the
crime, the police didn’t arrest her. /
Even though she confessed to the crime, police didn’t arrest her.

2 We made an enquiry about the delivery. However / Nevertheless, no one got back
to us. / Despite this, no one got back to us.

3 In spite of / Despite the fact that they
made a complaint about the food, the chef didn’t apologise.

4 The children took the move to the countryside in their stride, despite the fact /
in spite of the fact they had been happy living in the town.

used to

1 Liam used to be very bad-tempered but he’s nicer now.

2 There’s a lot of planning involved in my job so I am usually organised.

3 When I was at school we used to sit in a row in some lessons.

4 They usually go to school by bus except for Tuesdays when they walk.

5 The man who used to live there moved to Spain.

6 Sarah usually watches a lot of TV when she hasn’t got much homework.

should

1 a

2 a

3 a

4 b

Comparatives

1 harder

2 best

3 happiest

4 higher

5 hardest

6 better

7 highest

8 happier

Linkers of contrast

1 Despite the fact she confessed to the crime, the police didn’t arrest her. / Even though she confessed to the crime, police didn’t arrest her.

2 We made an enquiry about the delivery. However / Nevertheless, no one got back to us. / Despite this, no one got back to us.

3 In spite of / Despite the fact that they made a complaint about the food, the chef didn’t apologise.

4 The children took the move to the countryside in their stride, despite the fact / in spite of the fact they had been happy living in the town.

I’ll be seeing you sometime over the weekend,
so I’ll show you then.

I’ll come to the airport to pick you up. I’ll be
waiting for you at arrivals.

John won’t be coming to the party on
Saturday as he’s busy.

This time next week they’ll be lying on
a beach relaxing.

1 If they had run through the calculations
they would have realised their mistake.
(extra word: would)

2 The meal wouldn’t have turned out so well if you hadn’t lent me your cook book. (extra word: wouldn’t)

3 She’ll do it provided that we help her. (extra word: would)

4 If you don’t wash your hands, you might get an infection. (extra word: would)

5 The cloth wouldn’t have ripped if it had been stronger. (extra word: would)

6 It won’t be a problem as long as you arrive on time. (extra word: would)

Future continuous

1 correct

2 I’ll be seeing you sometime over the weekend, so I’ll show you then.

3 correct

4 I’ll come to the airport to pick you up. I’ll be waiting for you at arrivals.

5 John won’t be coming to the party on Saturday as he’s busy.

6 This time next week they’ll be lying on a beach relaxing.

would

1 If they had run through the calculations they would have realised their mistake. (extra word: would)

2 The meal wouldn’t have turned out so well if you hadn’t lent me your cook book. (extra word: wouldn’t)

3 She’ll do it provided that we help her. (extra word: would)

4 If you don’t wash your hands, you might get an infection. (extra word: would)

5 The cloth wouldn’t have ripped if it had been stronger. (extra word: would)

6 It won’t be a problem as long as you arrive on time. (extra word: would)

wish

1 wishes

2 hope

3 wants

4 wish

5 hopes

6 hope

7 hope

1 Simon asked me if I had remembered to pass on the message to the class.

3 Sandra asked how efficiently the machine worked.

4 She asked if any politician could ever be impartial.

5 The students asked the speaker how big
the impact of war had been.

6 The chief editor asked the journalist if he thought the article was newsworthy.

wish / if only

1 c

2 f

3 g

4 a

5 d

6 h

7 e

8 b

Reported speech

1 Simon asked me if I had remembered to pass on the message to the class.

2 Correct

3 Sandra asked how efficiently the machine worked.

4 She asked if any politician could ever be impartial.

5 The students asked the speaker how big the impact of war had been.

6 The chief editor asked the journalist if he thought the article was newsworthy.

Cause and effect linkers

1 Due to

2 As a result

3 because of

4 consequently

5 so

6 because of

been and being

1 being

2 being

3 been

4 being

5 being

6 been

ate

straight

wait

weight

climb

decide

height

high

although

hole

know

tiptoe

how

loud

shout

boil

enjoy

join

noise

John gets on so well with his parents.

We had such a fantastic holiday!

It may not seem like it, but he does like you.

I didn’t pass the test – but I did study hard.

What a wonderful day – I do love it when the sun’s shining!

Unit 1

1.1

/eɪ/ ate, straight, wait, weight

/aɪ/ climb, decide, height, high

/ǝʊ/ although, hole, know, tiptoe

/aʊ/ allow, how, loud, shout

/ɔɪ/ boil, enjoy, join, noise

1.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 2

2.1

The verb is always stressed when it isn’t part of a phrasal verb.

1 picked up

2 turned out

3 ran into

4 hang out with

5 going through

6 brings about

7 put up with

2.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 3

3.1

1 John gets on so well with his parents.

2 We had such a fantastic holiday!

3 It may not seem like it, but he does like you.

4 I didn’t pass the test – but I did study hard.

5 What a wonderful day – I do love it when the sun’s shining!

3.2

Students listen and repeat.

3.3

Students listen and repeat.

brought

caught

daughter

fight

height

high

light

straight

thought

through

weigh

cough

enough

laugh

tough

ghost

half

stuff

you

toast

buy

late

white

play

taught

water

off

the

and

*NB: the other unstressed sound we use is the /ɪ/ phoneme (e.g. is, if)

don’t

did

Would

Could

Won’t

just

can’t

Unit 4

4.1

‘gh’ silent: although, brought, caught, daughter, fight, height, high, light, straight, thought, through, weigh

‘gh’ pronounced /f/: cough, enough, laugh, tough;

‘gh’ pronounced /g/: ghost

4.2

Students listen and repeat.

4.3

a thought – sport

b laugh – half

c enough – stuff

d through – you

e ghost – toast

f high – buy

g straight – late

h height – white

i weigh – play

j brought – taught

k daughter – water

l cough – off

4.4

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 5

5.1

1 a

2 the

3 to

4 an

5 or

6 and / of

5.2

Students listen and repeat.

5.3

2 There are no operators free to take your call at the moment.

3 Press 1 to leave a message.

4 Press 2 if you wish to speak to an operator.

5 Please don’t shout or scream at the operators.

6 Now please hang up and make yourself a cup of tea.

Unit 6

6.1

1 don’t

2 did

3 Would

4 Do

5 Could

6 Won’t

7 just

8 can’t

Words linked with a /dʒ/ sound:

0 should you 2 did you 3 Would you 4 Do you 5 Could you;

Words linked with a /tʃ/ sound:

1 don’t you 6 Won’t you 7 just you 8 can’t you.

6.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 7

7.1

1 Interested

2 Interested

3 Uninterested

4 Interested

5 Uninterested

6 Interested

7.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 8

8.1

8.2

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 9

9.1

1 Marie(j)always has a solution to(w)everything.

2 Have you(w)eaten yet? Would you like some tea(j)and biscuits?

3 Do you(w)understand the question? If not, I might be(j)able to help you.

4 I’m so(w)upset! We’ve lost another match. Why do we(j)always lose?

5 If she(j)ever needs a lift she can come with us. We’ve got room for two(w)in the back.

6 I don’t want to see(j)another film like that. It was too(w)awful for words!

7 I(j)asked Ashley to(w)explain her problem to me.

9.2

Students listen and repeat.

Hugo was a hairdresser in a hotel. Harry
went to him for a haircut. Hugo spent an
hour cutting Harry’s hair. The haircut was horrible and Harry wasn’t happy. He decided
to be honest and tell Hugo how he felt. He
didn’t want to pay for his haircut. Hugo
was upset because he liked the haircut
and he also wanted his money. In the
end, Harry paid him half.

hour

honest

Unit 10

10.1

Hugo was a hairdresser in a hotel. Harry went to him for a haircut. Hugo spent an hour cutting Harry’s hair. The haircut was horrible and Harry wasn’t happy. He decided to be honest and tell Hugo how he felt. He didn’t want to pay for his haircut. Hugo was upset because he liked the haircut and he also wanted his money. In the end, Harry paid him half.

10.2

Students listen and repeat.

10.3

hour

honest

Unit 11

11.1

1 A Unlikely B Likely

2 A Likely B Unlikely

3 A Likely B Unlikely

4 A Unlikely B Likely

5 A Likely B Unlikely

11.2

Students listen and repeat.

11.3

Students listen and repeat.

Unit 12

12.1

1 I don’t know why they’re(r)angry with us. We didn’t do anything wrong!

2 Some animals are finding it harder(r)and harder to live on our planet.

3 From her(r)accent I’d say Julie is French.

4 We’re flying into Atlanta(r)airport on our trip to the USA.

5 It’s another(r)awful day – I wish it wasn’t raining again!

6 I’d like to go to Australia(r)and America when I’m older.

7 Hannah(r)always leaves her homework until the last minute.

12.2

Students listen and repeat.

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