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Literature 4A.1

Literature 4A.2

Literature 4B.1

Literature 4B.2

Cambridge English: First listening practice test part 1

Cambridge English: First listening practice test part 2

Cambridge English: First listening practice test part 3

Cambridge English: First listening practice test part 4

00:00

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Voronya Cave, Mariana Trench, Amazon rainforest, Greenland, deserts

1 Because it is so inaccessible and inhospitable to humans.

2 Because caving is very popular in those places.

3 Freezing temperatures and immense water pressure.

4 98 %

5 Because of its climate, resources and biodiversity.

6 Understanding the history of the Earth’s environment.

7 Explorers have died.

8 They have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water.

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Voronya Cave, Mariana Trench, Amazon rainforest, Greenland, deserts

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1 Because it is so inaccessible and inhospitable to humans.

2 Because caving is very popular in those places.

3 Freezing temperatures and immense water pressure.

4 98 %

5 Because of its climate, resources and biodiversity.

6 Understanding the history of the Earth’s environment.

7 Explorers have died.

8 They have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water.

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1 tens of thousands more are believed to live
there

2 thousands of caves are also thought to exist in China

3 The Amazon rainforest is said to comprise around 50% of all the rainforests in the world.

4 over 2,000 species of birds and mammals are known to live there

5 many people are known to have died on such expeditions

present

past

written

is believed to be disappearing

is said to be 500 metres deep

in the deep ocean are thought to be blind

is known to have contained water
only 5,000 years ago

are believed to have existed
for millions of years

mountain range

dune

waterfall

reef

volcano

glacier

bay

canyon

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1 tens of thousands more are believed to live there

2 thousands of caves are also thought to exist in China

3 The Amazon rainforest is said to comprise around 50% of all the rainforests in the world.

4 over 2,000 species of birds and mammals are known to live there

5 many people are known to have died on such expeditions

Rule

1 present

2 past

3 written

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1 is believed to be disappearing

2 is said to be 500 metres deep

3 in the deep ocean are thought to be blind

4 is known to have contained water only 5,000 years ago

5 are believed to have existed for millions of years

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1 D

2 F

3 G

4 B

5 E

6 A

7 H

8 C

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1 mountain range

2 dune

3 waterfall

4 reef

5 volcano

6 glacier

7 bay

8 canyon

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rainbow fish

river shark

tree frog

Queen Alexandra's
butterfly

monitor lizard

honeyeater

Poisonous: tree frog; monitor lizard

All of them are endangered

WOMAN: Well, good morning everyone. My name’s Jeanine Wiley and I’m from an organisation called Species Specialists. I’ve been given the job of talking today about discovering new species, of animals, birds, plants and so on.

Now, I don’t know about you, but a lot of people imagine that we know all the animals and birds and fish and other creatures that we share this planet with. But in fact that’s simply not true. Not at all. Of course we have found lots of different creatures, but what’s fascinating is that we are finding new species all the time, and in particular in certain places that are more difficult for people to get to – like, the bottom of the sea or in the rainforest.

Erm, I’d like to give you just one example here and it’s the island of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea is a pretty big island just north of Australia. It’s covered in rainforest and it’s an incredibly, erm, an amazing place in terms of wildlife.

Now, here’s something that might surprise you – in ten years between 1998 and 2008, just in Papua New Guinea alone, one thousand and sixty new species were found. One thousand and sixty, that’s more than two species every week for ten years. Now, that includes plants and flowers, but lots of different kinds of animals and fish and things too. One example is a monitor lizard, a beautiful black lizard with blue markings that can grow to about a metre in length. They also found a bird called a honeyeater, with beautiful orange patches around its eyes. And this honeyeater is a very different bird because it’s almost silent, makes no sounds at all, and that’s why no one found it for so long, no one heard it! And then there’s fish, there’s what’s called the rainbow fish, and in fact seven different kinds of rainbow fish have been found over the last ten years or so.

So, the good news is that we’re finding new species all the time. We don’t know how many more species are still out there. What we do know is that more will be found – it’s just inevitable, really, that we’re going to find more species.

What’s not so good, of course, is that all these animals and birds and fish are endangered. Their habitat, that is the places where they live, is being destroyed, and it’s human beings who are doing it. Um, forests are being turned into fields to grow food, and trees are being cut down to get wood, and rivers are being used by more and more boats, and so these animals find it harder and harder to live. The consequences of this will be more and more animals becoming extinct– and that’s a terrible thought. If we don’t act now, to stop habitats being destroyed, many animals will disappear and future generations will only see them in books. I think it’s vital for humans to find ways to live well and without harming other living creatures, don’t you?

Anyway, back to discovering new species. There are other places, too, not just Papua New Guinea, where we …

rainbow fish, monitor lizard, honeyeater

1 an organisation called Species Specialists

2 1,060.

3 Because it’s a silent bird, so no one heard it.

4 That we’re finding new species all the time.

5 Destroying animal habitats.

… and so these animals find it harder and harder to live. The consequences of this will be more and more animals becoming extinct – and that’s a terrible thought. If we don’t act now, to stop habitats being destroyed, many animals will disappear and future generations will only see them in books. I think it’s vital for humans to find ways to live well and without harming other living creatures, don’t you?

consequences

terrible

don’t act

vital

don’t you

1 harder and harder, more and more

2 don’t you?

3 If we don’t act now

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Poisonous: tree frog;

monitor lizard All of them are endangered

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rainbow fish, monitor lizard, honeyeater

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1 an organisation called Species Specialists

2 1,060.

3 Because it’s a silent bird, so no one heard it.

4 That we’re finding new species all the time.

5 Destroying animal habitats.

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1 consequences

2 terrible

3 don’t act

4 vital

5 don’t you

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1 harder and harder, more and more

2 don’t you?

3 If we don’t act now

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1 DS

2 T

3 F

4 T

5 DS

6 T

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indirect

direct

person

1 My mum was offered a job.

2 My dad was owed a lot of money.

3 He was given some medicine.

4 We were promised a week’s holiday.

5 I was shown the right way to do it.

made

take

play

friends

a deal

a journey

a speech

progress

a wish

an effort

a decision

money

an example

a joke

a complaint

amends

fun of someone

a photo

exercise

advice

a journey

an exam

a decision

revenge

a joke

advantage of

a test

a part

the fool

a joke

a role

exercise

a deal

a favour

an exam

research

good

a test

advice

a speech

money

an example

a test

take / make

gave

making

gave

made

done

taken

made

did / made

take

make

take

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Sentence 3 is used in the text.

Rule

1 indirect 2 direct 3 person

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1 B

2 A

3 A

4 A

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1 My mum was offered a job.

2 My dad was owed a lot of money.

3 He was given some medicine.

4 We were promised a week’s holiday.

5 I was shown the right way to do it.

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1 made

2 made

3 take

4 play

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1 take/make

2 gave

3 making

4 gave

5 made

6 done

7 taken

8 made

9 did/made

10 take

11 make

12 take

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Ending 2

1 To avoid any conflict.

2 They remained motionless and looked frightened.

3 Different groups of drummers were using the drums to communicate.

4 ‘We will kill you if we can.’

5 To avoid being attacked by native people. / So that they could escape more quickly. / So that they were more difficult to steal.

breaking out

clumsily

aware of

gazing

motionless

anchor

dawn

intently

1 Education and law.

2 Zambia and London.

3 Because he had a stroke and could not work any longer.

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1 To avoid any conflict.

2 They remained motionless and looked frightened.

3 Different groups of drummers were using the drums to communicate.

4 ‘We will kill you if we can.’

5 To avoid being attacked by native people. / So that they could escape more quickly. / So that they were more difficult to steal.

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1 breaking out

2 clumsily

3 aware of

4 gazing

5 motionless

6 anchor

7 dawn

8 intently

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1 Education and law.

2 Zambia and London.

3 Because he had a stroke and could not work any longer.

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A Fourth paragraph

B Second paragraph

C First paragraph

D Third paragraph

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squeezing

solar

breathtaking

volcano

waterfall

reef

took

bonus

far-fetched

to have

consequently

can’t have

to be

must be

was given

1 I’m sure a lot of people have met the new boy. Sue can’t ~~mustn’t~~ be the only one.

2 Only a few people are thought to have ~~survive~~ survived so long alone in the desert.

3 Oh dear, I’m bound to ~~got~~ have got this all wrong – I didn’t understand the question.

4 My father was brought up by his aunt after his parents ~~were~~ died.

5 Kelly Jones is ~~know~~ known to have owned three houses, although she has always said that she’s very poor.

6 I suppose it’s possible – Carol might be have been at the party last night, but I didn’t see her.

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1 squeezing

2 solar

3 breathtaking

4 volcano

5 waterfall

6 reef

7 took

8 bonus

9 do

10 far-fetched

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1 to have

2 consequently

3 can’t have

4 to be

5 must be

6 was given

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1 I’m sure a lot of people have met the new boy. Sue can’t ~~mustn’t~~ be the only one.

2 Only a few people are thought to have ~~survive~~ survived so long alone in the desert.

3 Oh dear, I’m bound to ~~got~~ have got this all wrong – I didn’t understand the question.

4 My father was brought up by his aunt after his parents ~~were~~ died.

5 Kelly Jones is ~~know~~ known to have owned three houses, although she has always said that she’s very poor.

6 I suppose it’s possible – Carol might be have been at the party last night, but I didn’t see her.

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1 must, dear

2 had been, terrible

3 believed, can’t

4 thought, seen

is known

are believed

is expected

is said

is thought

are known

to have

are

to be

are

to have used

was

to be

to have suffered

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1 is known – C

2 are believed – D

3 is expected – A

4 is said – E

5 is thought – B

6 are known – F

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1 is

2 to have

3 are

4 to be

5 are

6 to have used

7 was

8 to be

9 is

10 to have suffered

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Jim was shown the photos.

Jackie was promised a part in the new play.

Film stars are asked a lot of questions.

Michael was given a horrible tie for his birthday.

The inventor is going to be paid a lot of money
for her idea.

My grandmother was sent an advertisement for sports equipment.

My school was offered a new IT centre.

He wasn’t told the truth.

The customers weren’t given a refund.

The employees weren’t offered good benefits.

The new students were told the class rules. / The class rules were told to the new students.

My father was offered a job in London. /
A job in London was offered to my father.

A large audience was shown the new film. /
The new film was shown to a large audience.

The winner was presented with a trophy. /
A trophy was presented to the winner.

Alice was sent some flowers for her birthday. / Some flowers were sent to Alice for her birthday.

1 There are still many places on Earth that haven’t been explored yet.

2 A research trip to the glacier was taken /
is being taken this week.

3 He left the room after a joke had been made about him.

4 Every effort was made to find the missing man but to no avail.

5 A lot of progress has been made recently in Sam’s work.

6 It’s essential for good communication to be established between nations.

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1 The newsagent showed Penny the new magazine.

2 They offered the students free books.

3 Someone promised a room with a view to Kenneth.

4 The police didn’t give any information to the reporters.

5 Someone sent me a strange email.

6 The manager offered her a job.

7 They sold faulty goods to their customers.

8 The company gave excellent conditions to their employees.

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1 Jim was shown the photos.

2 Jackie was promised a part in the new play.

3 Film stars are asked a lot of questions.

4 Michael was given a horrible tie for his birthday.

5 The inventor is going to be paid a lot of money for her idea.

6 My grandmother was sent an advertisement for sports equipment.

7 My school was offered a new IT centre.

8 He wasn’t told the truth.

9 The customers weren’t given a refund.

10 The employees weren’t offered good benefits.

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1 The new students were told the class rules. / The class rules were told to the new students.

2 My father was offered a job in London. / A job in London was offered to my father.

3 A large audience was shown the new film. / The new film was shown to a large audience.

4 The winner was presented with a trophy. / A trophy was presented to the winner.

5 Alice was sent some flowers for her birthday. / Some flowers were sent to Alice for her birthday.

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1 There are still many places on Earth that haven’t been explored yet.

2 A research trip to the glacier was taken/is being taken this week.

3 He left the room after a joke had been made about him.

4 Every effort was made to find the missing man but to no avail.

5 A lot of progress has been made recently in Sam’s work.

6 It’s essential for good communication to be established between nations.

D
U
N
E
S

C
A
N
Y
O
N

V
O
L
C
A
N
O

W
A
T
E
R
F
A
L
L
S

M U T I

B Y

A G E

G L C I E R

E
E
F

make

give

made

give

make

played

I think that I am making progress with the piano.

Sally made an effort to reach the top shelf.

She made a complaint about the food.

Matthew took advantage of Kelly’s offer of a lift home.

I forgot Jo’s birthday, so to make amends, I took her out for dinner.

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1 dunes

2 canyon

3 volcano

4 waterfalls

5 mountain range

6 bay

7 mountain range

8 glacier

9 reef

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1 make

2 made

3 playing

4 make

5 done

6 taking

7 made

8 gave

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1 make

2 give

3 made

4 give

5 make

6 played

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1 I think that I am making progress with the piano.

2 Sally made an eff ort to reach the top shelf.

3 She made a complaint about the food.

4 Matthew took advantage of Kelly’s offer of a lift home.

5 I forgot Jo’s birthday, so to make amends, I took her out for dinner.

1 tunnels underground; old ruined
buildings; abandoned structures

2 to take photographs

3 He was taking photographs when he saw
the bag of money sticking out from under
the mattress of a bed.

4 Because one of the principles of urban
exploration is: ‘take nothing but pictures,
leave nothing but footprints’.

5 He did some research into who had owned
the house.

6 The money had come from a fruit stall
that had been owned by the last owners of
the house.

7 Because she was grateful that Dave had
given her the money.

8 It can be dangerous and illegal.

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A 2; 5

B 6; 8

C 4

D 1; 7

E 3

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3 Someone found money in an old house.

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1 tunnels underground; old ruined buildings; abandoned structures

2 to take photographs

3 He was taking photographs when he saw the bag of money sticking out from under the mattress of a bed.

4 Because one of the principles of urban exploration is: ‘take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints’.

5 He did some research into who had owned the house.

6 The money had come from a fruit stall that had been owned by the last owners of the house.

7 Because she was grateful that Dave had given her the money.

8 It can be dangerous and illegal.

1 She says her family were risk-takers.

2 She was a PE teacher and then a wilderness instructor.

3 the first woman to get to the North Pole; the first woman ever to get to both the North Pole and the South Pole; the first woman to ski across Greenland

4 Most of her expeditions are done with all-women teams.

5 She aimed to bring attention to the world’s water problems.

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1 She says her family were risk-takers.

2 She was a PE teacher and then a wilderness instructor.

3 the first woman to get to the North Pole; the first woman ever to get to both the North Pole and the South Pole; the first woman to ski across Greenland

4 Most of her expeditions are done with all-women teams.

5 She aimed to bring attention to the world’s water problems.

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1 C

2 D

3 A

4 B

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TEACHER: So, now, it’s Mike’s turn this week to give us a talk, and his topic is …?

MIKE: It’s ‘Should we be doing more to explore space?’

TEACHER: OK, then, it’s over to you, Mike.

MIKE: OK, thank you. Well, as I said, my topic is ‘Should we be doing more to explore space?’ and basically, my argument is that, yes, we should. What are my reasons for thinking this way? Well, I don’t think anyone here can be in any doubt that there are problems here on Earth, and to my mind, one of the biggest is population. Now, I’ve heard arguments both ways about whether or not our planet can sustain our current population of over seven billion people. And by the way, it’s getting bigger and bigger all the time. But if we don’t do something soon – now, really – then the consequences could be very serious. I mean, incredible overcrowding. So, if we explore space more and find ways to let people go and live on other planets, like Mars, then we can help ease the pressure on Earth. And that’s important, don’t you think?

STEVE: Excuse me, can I say something?

MIKE: Sure, Steve.

STEVE: Well, the way I see it, it will take far too long to find ways to let people live on Mars, and even if we did, then a billion people aren’t going to be living there, right?

MIKE: Well, you’ve got a point, Steve. But I think there are other good reasons for exploring space.

TEACHER: OK, Mike, go on.

MIKE: Well, if we explore space more, then we might find other civilisations that could help us develop more technology to solve some of our problems here. For example, find ways to grow more and better food very quickly and safely.

HAZEL: Sorry, I have to interrupt here. I mean, sorry, Mike, but that’s just never going to happen, is it?

MIKE: Well I’m not so sure.

ANGIE: Hazel’s right, Mike. We might never find another civilization out there – in fact, there might not even be any. And the consequences of spending so much money in space exploration, with no definite result, I mean, it’s crazy. All that money on sending space ships out there, when we could be using the money to find real solutions here on Earth.

TEACHER: Mike?

MIKE: Um, well, the thing is, we’ve been trying for a long time to do what Angie said, find solutions to the problems on Earth, and it hasn’t worked yet, has it? I think it’s vitally important for the human race to start looking outside our little world here – the answers are more likely to be out there.

TOM: Well, Mike, I just have to disagree with you there. If anything, I’d say that we need to solve our problems right here where we are, don’t you agree?

HAZEL: I think Tom’s right. Perhaps you need to rethink some of those arguments, Mike. What do you think?

MIKE: Yes, you could be right. Maybe I’m too influenced by science fiction stuff. I don’t know.

TEACHER: No, don’t worry, Mike, your points are valid too. Thanks for your presentation. Seems like people don’t really agree with you, but it’s always good to have someone put their ideas out there, it makes us think. Right, everyone?

ALL: That’s right / way to go, Mike / Nice one, Mike.

TEACHER: So, now, it’s Mike’s turn this week to give us a talk, and his topic is …?

MIKE: It’s ‘Should we be doing more to explore space?’

TEACHER: OK, then, it’s over to you, Mike.

STEVE: Excuse me, can I say something?

MIKE: Sure, Steve.

STEVE: Well, the way I see it, it will take far too long to find ways to let people live on Mars, and even if we did, then a billion people aren’t going to be living there, right?

MIKE: Well, you’ve got a point, Steve. But I think there are other good reasons for exploring space.

TEACHER: OK, Mike, go on.

HAZEL: Sorry, I have to interrupt here. I mean, sorry, Mike, but that’s just never going to happen, is it?

MIKE: Well I’m not so sure.

TEACHER: Mike?

TOM: Well, Mike, I just have to disagree with you there. If anything, I’d say that we need to solve our problems right here where we are, don’t you agree?

HAZEL: I think Tom’s right. Perhaps you need to rethink some of those arguments, Mike. What do you think?

MIKE: Yes, you could be right. Maybe I’m too influenced by science fiction stuff. I don’t know.

ALL: That’s right / way to go, Mike / Nice one, Mike.

an increasing population

incredible overcrowding

He thinks it would take too long to find other planets to live on.

finding other civilisations in space

She says the money could be used to find real solutions on Earth.

science fiction stuff

They initially disagree but then react positively.

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b and c

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1 an increasing population

2 incredible overcrowding

3 He thinks it would take too long to find other planets to live on.

4 finding other civilisations in space

5 She says the money could be used to find real solutions on Earth.

6 science fiction stuff

7 They initially disagree but then react positively.

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Dialogue 1

7, 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 8, 6

Dialogue 2

5, 1, 7, 3, 2, 8, 6, 4

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EXAMINER: So now I’d like to ask you this question. Do you think that it’s important for young people to have interests outside school? And if so, why? Student B, what do you think?

TANYA: Well, it’s a good question. To my mind it’s very important. That’s because in my country, if you want to go to university, I mean to one of the really good universities, um, well you have to have an interview and you have to show that …um, you have to show a lot of things, not just that you are good at the subject you want to study, you know? The universities, they want people, young people, who can give more than just their knowledge and interest in science, for example. They want people who have lots of interests and abilities, it’s important.

EXAMINER: Student A?

ALEXANDER: Well, yes, I also think it’s important. But I’m not sure I agree with Tanya. My own view is that, you know, we’re people, and even if you want to go to university to study something … medicine, for example … well, what do I want to say? Sorry! Um, I mean, it’s great to be really good at something like being a doctor, it’s fantastic, but in our lives, we need lots of different things, so if you’re a doctor but you can also do other things, for instance, um, you can play the guitar or you love football, well that’s great. And it’s great if a school makes sure that we don’t only study but we learn lots of different things according to our interests. Actually, if a school doesn’t do that, I think it’s not a good school!

TANYA: Can I talk now?

EXAMINER: Yes, of course.

TANYA: OK, well, absolutely Alexander! I mean you’re completely right. I agree with you.

ALEXANDER: OK.

EXAMINER: OK, here’s another question, it follows from what Alexander said. Should schools offer things like clubs for music, or sport, or art? Or should they just do school subjects like mathematics and history?

ALEXANDER: Well, you know what I think, already! I think for a good life you have to have as many things in your life as possible. And I think that, well ……

TANYA: That’s right. I think that a school, the job of a school is to, um, to help people see what the possibilities are. I mean, I’m very lucky. In my school, there are lots of things. One example is that there are classes in art, in painting. Now, I’m really bad at it and I don’t like it but it’s good that we did painting classes, I had that experience. And you know, one time, a boy many years ago from our school became a very good artist and it started in our school, in the art lessons!

ALEXANDER: It’s a good story and I couldn’t agree more that, um, well, a school, I mean, a school can help you see what you like, what your future … I mean, what you want to do in your future. And maybe that’s mathematics, great, that’s great, but maybe it’s dancing or I don’t know, looking after little children. Schools have to help us, I think.

TANYA: Yes, it’s true. You’re right.

EXAMINER: Well, that’s great. Thank you. That’s the end of our speaking test today. Thanks very much to both of you. And good luck!

ALEXANDER / TANYA: Thank you / Thank you very much.

Suggested answers

Do you think that it’s important for young people to have interests outside school? Why?

It helps them to get into university.

To learn to be good at lots of different things.

She doesn’t like art, but she’s glad that she had the experience.

They should help them see what they like and what they want to do in the future.

EXAMINER: So now I’d like to ask you this question. Do you think that it’s important for young people to have interests outside school? And if so, why? Student B, what do you think?

EXAMINER: Student A?

TANYA: Can I talk now?

EXAMINER: Yes, of course.

TANYA: OK, well, absolutely Alexander! I mean you’re completely right. I agree with you.

ALEXANDER: OK.

ALEXANDER: Well, you know what I think, already! I think for a good life you have to have as many things in your life as possible. And I think that, well ……

TANYA: Yes, it’s true. You’re right.

EXAMINER: Well, that’s great. Thank you. That’s the end of our speaking test today. Thanks very much to both of you. And good luck!

ALEXANDER / TANYA: Thank you / Thank you very much.

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Suggested answers

1 Do you think that it’s important for young people to have interests outside school? Why?

2 It helps them to get into university.

3 To learn to be good at lots of different things.

4 She doesn’t like art, but she’s glad that she had the experience.

5 They should help them see what they like and what they want to do in the future.

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a G

b G

c B

d B

e G

f B

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MARK: Hi, Josie. Have you got a moment? I want to show you something.

JOSIE: Sure, Mark. What is it?

MARK: Well, I was sent a link yesterday for an amazing website – it’s a guy who puts up photos that he takes when he goes urban exploring. Some of them are just stunning!

JOSIE: Hang on. Urban exploring? I don’t think I know what that is. Though I can kind of guess from the words.

MARK: Well, right, it’s doing some exploration in towns and cities but to places where people don’t usually go. So this guy, for example, he finds a way to get into places – I mean, he posted some photos that he took in the tunnel of an underground railway system, at night, just breathtaking.

JOSIE: Wow. What else?

MARK: Well he also found a way to climb up inside the tower of a bridge, and from right up at the top of the tower he took photos of the bridge down below and the traffic going past. And…

JOSIE: And?

MARK: Well, he got into an empty office building at night too, took photos there as well. This guy’s amazing, he just goes everywhere. You know, I’m really excited and I think it might be something I’d like to do.

JOSIE: Really? I didn’t think you were into stuff like that. And I mean, isn’t it all a bit dangerous?

MARK: Well, yes, but that’s why it’s so exciting. And I’m pretty keen on photography, well you know that, so it’d be an opportunity to do some really different stuff.

JOSIE: Can we see the website?

MARK: Oh, yeah sure, of course. I’ve got my tablet with me here somewhere. Hang on a moment while I just …… right, here we are. See the photos?

JOSIE: Yes, you’re right, they are stunning. Do you think he does all this on his own?

MARK: Well I think so. Let’s have a look if there’s anything about it further down the page. Ummm … no, it doesn’t say anything here about other people so I guess he does work alone then.

JOSIE: But it does say something else down here Mark … look.

MARK: Oh, right yes. I hadn’t seen that before.

JOSIE: He says ‘I realise that if I get caught doing this, I’m very likely to be arrested, and that’s why I’m not using my real name here.’

MARK: Right. So maybe I’d better think again.

JOSIE: I think you should. But that doesn’t stop us looking at these photos – look at this one, it’s out of this world. I wonder where he was ….

MARK: Hi, Josie. Have you got a moment? I want to show you something.

JOSIE: Sure, Mark. What is it?

MARK: Well, I was sent a link yesterday for an amazing website – it’s a guy who puts up photos that he takes when he goes urban exploring. Some of them are just stunning!

JOSIE: Hang on. Urban exploring? I don’t think I know what that is. Though I can kind of guess from the words.

JOSIE: Wow. What else?

MARK: Well he also found a way to climb up inside the tower of a bridge, and from right up at the top of the tower he took photos of the bridge down below and the traffic going past. And…

JOSIE: And?

JOSIE: Really? I didn’t think you were into stuff like that. And I mean, isn’t it all a bit dangerous?

MARK: Well, yes, but that’s why it’s so exciting. And I’m pretty keen on photography, well you know that, so it’d be an opportunity to do some really different stuff.

JOSIE: Can we see the website?

MARK: Oh, yeah sure, of course. I’ve got my tablet with me here somewhere. Hang on a moment while I just …… right, here we are. See the photos?

JOSIE: Yes, you’re right, they are stunning. Do you think he does all this on his own?

MARK: Well I think so. Let’s have a look if there’s anything about it further down the page. Ummm … no, it doesn’t say anything here about other people so I guess he does work alone then.

JOSIE: But it does say something else down here Mark … look.

MARK: Oh, right yes. I hadn’t seen that before.

JOSIE: He says ‘I realise that if I get caught doing this, I’m very likely to be arrested, and that’s why I’m not using my real name here.’

MARK: Right. So maybe I’d better think again.

JOSIE: I think you should. But that doesn’t stop us looking at these photos – look at this one, it’s out of this world. I wonder where he was ….

They might come.

He was absent from school due to a bad cold.

The house was destroyed by the earthquake.

He’s bound to win.

You can’t have tried your hardest.

It’s likely there will be bad weather at the weekend.

I was given some money by my grandparents.

It's thought that the president is doing a good job.

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2 F

3 F

4 F

5 T

6 T

7 T

8 F

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6 c

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2 stunning

3 moon

4 take

5 give

6 far-fetched

7 science

8 make

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1 They might come.

2 He was absent from school due to a bad cold.

3 The house was destroyed by the earthquake.

4 He’s bound to win.

5 You can’t have tried your hardest.

6 It’s likely there will be bad weather at the weekend.

7 I was given some money by my grandparents.

8 The president is thought to be doing a good job.

terrible

Poor

the consequences

don’t act

a shame

vitally important

Because they thought old films wouldn’t be all that good.

not very long

examples of Earth plant life

Lowell is helped by three
people and three robots:
Huey, Dewey and Louie.

to blow up all the domes

to make people on Earth think that all the domes have been destroyed

He sends it into space.

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2 Poor

3 the consequences

4 don’t act

5 a shame

6 vitally important

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2 not very long

3 examples of Earth plant life

4 Lowell is helped by three people and three robots: Huey, Dewey and Louie.

5 to blow up all the domes

6 to make people on Earth think that all the domes have been destroyed

7 He sends it into space.

8 Dewey

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Read and complete.

Experts know that Death Valley is the hottest place on Earth.

Death Valley

We believe that the ice in Antarctica is disappearing.

The ice in Antarctica

disappearing.

People say that this cave is 500 metres deep.

This cave

500 metres deep.

Experts think that most fish in the deep ocean are blind.

Most fish in the deep ocean

blind.

We know that the Sahara Desert contained water only 5,000 years ago.

The Sahara Desert

water only 5,000

years ago.

Experts believe that some deep-sea creatures have existed

for millions of years.

Some deep-sea creatures

for millions

of years.

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Read and match.

reef

bay

dune

canyon

waterfall

mountain range

volcano

glacier

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Read and complete.

There's often snow on the top of a very high

It can be difficult to run up a

because it's all sand.

When water goes over the edge of a

, it often

can be dangerous for ships, because it's just

If a

is active, it sometimes erupts and can be

It can take a very long time for a

to move even

is sometimes a good place for ships to stop,

because it's protected by land on three sides.

There's usually a river at the bottom of a

dune

reef

glacier

mountain range

waterfall

volcano

canyon

bay

looks white.

below the surface of the sea.

very dangerous.

as little as ten centimetres.

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Read and match.

Queen Alexandra's butterfly

honeyeater

rainbow fish

tree frog

monitor lizard

river shark

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Listen and choose.

Which three creatures in the photos are mentioned?

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Read and complete.

'... and so these animals find it harder and harder to live. The

of this will be more and more animals becoming extinct – and that's a

thought. If we

now, to stop habitats

being destroyed, many animals will disappear and future generations will only

see them in books. I think it's

for humans to find ways to live well

and without harming other living creatures,

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Read and complete.

True False Doesn't

Cândido Rondon was half Portuguese and half Brazilian.

Rondon was considered a good engineer.

The Nambikwara were not friendly to Rondon.

say

Rondon was upset by the way strangers treated the tribes.

Rondon's motto came from one of the tribes.

Many people in Brazil still appreciate what Rondon did for their country.

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Almost every country on our planet has been explored and mapped, and all of these have roads, railways and lines of communication. So it can be hard for us to imagine the people who went there without all of the infrastructure that we now take for granted.

This series celebrates the men and women who opened the world up and risked their lives to protect the people and environments they discovered along the way. This week, we profile a man not well known outside his own country and continent – Cândido Rondon.

In 1865, in a small village in the state of Mato Grosso,

Brazil, a boy was born. His father was of Portuguese

ancestry, and his mother was a native Brazilian. Who

could have known that his origins would play such

a big part in helping to connect so many cultures in

very real and visible ways?

He decided to join the army as an engineer and when he was only 25, he was involved in the building of a road from Rio de Janeiro to Cuiabá, a journey that previously could only be made by boat. He was later given the monumental task of placing telegraph lines from Brazil to Bolivia and Peru. This was a difficult job through rough and unexplored terrain, and so it required a skilled engineer. Rondon opened paths through uncharted territory, and he came into contact with the Bororo, a tribe he had family connections with on his mother's side. Rondon established a friendly and respectful relationship with the Bororo people, and the telegraph lines were completed with their help.

Next, Rondon was given the job of extending the telegraph system from Mato Grosso to the Amazon. This time he came across and made friends with the Nambikwara, previously thought of as a timid but hostile tribe. Rondon got to know many tribes during his expeditions, and he was a great friend to them. He was disturbed and ashamed to learn about the terrible way that they were often treated by outsiders. He fought long and hard to protect them and their right to follow their own beliefs, traditions and customs.

However, some people still considered him an outsider. During his expeditions in Amazonia, Rondon was attacked several times, and once he was wounded by an arrow. Other members of the expedition wanted to take revenge on the native people who had attacked them, but Rondon said: 'Die if necessary, but never kill.' Years later, Rondon set up Brazil's Indian Protection Service, an agency to safeguard the interests and support the cultures of native peoples. Rondon's famous words became its motto.

Rondon died in 1958 and is remembered as a hero in Brazil. A state in Brazil (Rondônia) was named after him, as well as the airport in Cuiabá and several roads.

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Read and choose.

A A lot of money was paid to her.

A I was told a lie.

A We were promised a big party.

B A big party was promised to us.

A I was bought a new pair of shoes.

B A new pair of shoes was bought for me.

B She was paid a lot of money.

B A lie was told to me.

Which sentence is more usual?

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Read and complete.

They told me a secret.

They offered my mum a job.

People owed my dad a lot of money.

a lot of money.

They gave him some medicine.

a secret.

some medicine.

Someone promised us a week's holiday.

a week's holiday.

Someone showed me the right way to do it.

the right way to do it.

a job.

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Read and complete.

Rondon

Before that, the journey could only be

by river transport.

They wanted to

revenge on the native people.

Who could have known that his origins would

in helping to connect so many cultures?

friends with the Nambikwara tribe.

such a big part

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Read and complete.

When I got to the small jungle town, I

friends with some of the locals

and told them that I wanted to

a journey up the river. They thought

It's dangerous.' At first I thought he was

I was mad! One of them

me some advice – he said: 'Don't go!

Use the correct form of these verbs.

fun of me, but then

me some examples of the dangers I would face.

But I had

my decision – I wanted to explore. I had

some

research about the diseases I might catch, and I had

some medical

tests to make sure I was in good health. I had worked for years and

a lot of money, so I

a deal with three of the men to come with me.

I needed to leave soon, to

advantage of the good weather and

as much progress as I could before the rains began. So the next

morning, we met at the port. I put my phone in my pocket (I could use it

photos) and got into the small boat. I looked at the river – would

I make it?

make take play do give

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Read and match.

(an unpleasant thing) suddenly starting

(moving) in an awkward, difficult way

knowing that something exists or is happening

looking for a long time

not moving at all

something heavy that stops a boat from moving

clumsily

gazing

breaking out

aware of

anchor

motionless

the moment when the sun appears at the start of a day

with all one's attention; very carefully

intently

dawn

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The Lost World

by Arthur Conan Doyle

Professor George Challenger and his friend Lord John Roxton, together with a reporter and some local guides (one of whom is called Gomez), travel up the Amazon River to find a plateau. Challenger claims he has visited the plateau before, and that there are prehistoric creatures living there. Also with them is another professor who dislikes Challenger and doesn't believe his claims. The reporter narrates the story.

The very next day we did actually make our start upon this remarkable expedition. We found that all our possessions fitted very easily into the two canoes, and we divided our personnel, six in each, taking the obvious precaution, in the interests of peace, of putting one Professor into each canoe. [...]

At dawn and at sunset the monkeys screamed together and the parrots started making their high- pitched noise, but during the hot hours of the day only the loud noise of insects, like the beat of a distant surf, filled the ear, while nothing moved amongst the solemn views of huge tree-trunks, fading away into the darkness which held us in. Once some creature, an ant-eater or a bear, walked clumsily amid the shadows. It was the only sign of life which I had seen in this great Amazonian forest.

And yet there were indications that even human life itself was not far from us in those mysterious dark corners. On the third day out we were aware of a strange, deep, rhythmic beat in the air, coming and going on-and-off throughout the morning. The two boats were moving within a few yards of each other when first we heard it, and our guides remained motionless, as if they had been turned to bronze, listening intently with expressions of terror upon their faces.

'What is it, then?' I asked.

'Drums,' said Lord John, carelessly, 'war drums. I have heard them before.'

'Yes, sir, war drums,' said Gomez. 'Native people, aggressive, not friendly; they watch us every mile of the way; kill us if they can.'

'How can they watch us?' I asked, gazing into the dark. Gomez shrugged his broad shoulders.

'The native people know. They have their own way. They watch us. They talk the drum talk to each other. Kill us if they can.'

By the afternoon of that day – my pocket diary shows me that it was Tuesday, August 18th – at least six or seven drums were beating from various points. Sometimes they beat quickly, sometimes slowly, sometimes in obvious question and answer, one farto the east breaking out in a high-pitched beat, and being followed after a pause by a deep roll from the north. There was something incredibly nerve-shaking and threatening in that constant noise, which seemed to shape itself into the words that Gomez used and endlessly repeat them: 'We will kill you if we can. We will kill you if we can.' No one ever moved in the silent woods. All the peace of quiet Nature lay in that dark curtain of vegetation, but away from behind there always came the one message from our fellow-man:

'We will kill you if we can,' said the men in the east. 'We will kill you if we can,' said the men in the north. [...]

That night we tied our canoes with heavy stones for anchors in the centre of the stream, and made every preparation for a possible attack. Nothing came, however, and with the dawn we pushed upon our way, the drum-beating dying out behind us.

Adapted from The Lost World by Arthur Conan Doyle

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Read and complete.

Johannesburg is my home city, and the international airport here is called O. R. Tambo airport. It is named after Oliver Tambo, who not many people know much about – almost everyone has heard of Nelson Mandela, but Tambo is not as well known around the world.

Oliver Reginald Tambo (everyone knew him as O. R.)

was born in 1917 in an area of South Africa now known

as the Eastern Cape. As a young man he studied education and for a while he was a teacher. Later, he gave up teaching to study law, and in 1952 he joined Nelson Mandela's law firm.

These were the years of apartheid in South Africa. Tambo, like Mandela, was part of the African National Congress (ANC), which was an illegal organisation at that time. Mandela was sent to prison on Robben Island and Tambo

left the country – he lived at different times in Zambia and in London. He was the 'president in exile' of the ANC and worked very hard to get support from other countries in the struggle to end apartheid.

He went back to South Africa in 1990, when the ANC became legal. But he had a stroke and could not work any longer, so he passed the presidency of the ANC to Mandela. Tambo died in 1993, before he could see the first black government of his country. In 2006, the airport was renamed after him to honour his achievements. And to sum up, I think that this honour rightly recognised the very important role that Tambo played in the development of the country he loved.

Introduction to the person

Conclusion

Early life

Main achievements

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Read and complete.

waterfall far-fetched squeezing make volcano reef took

toothpaste onto

system projected on the ceiling of

solar gave bonus action-packed breath-taking do star

My baby cousin drew a picture of me by

Jack has an image of the

the mirror in the bathroom.

The effect of the fireworks and the music was really

his bedroom.

Flights were disrupted when a

erupted and filled the sky

with ash.

We climbed up to the top of the

and watched the water

pouring down.

The water in the bay is always calm because it's protected

by a

Pete's dad gave him some good advice, but I don't think he

it.

We weren't expecting good weather on our holiday, so the sunshine

was a real

Christine's presentation is next week, so she needs to

some

research on the Internet.

His excuse for being late was so

that I didn't believe a word

of it.

There are four extra words.

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Read and complete.

must have due to was given consequently to have

Johnny Depp is known

received 50 million US dollars for just

one film.

Alan was always eating fast food, and

he put on a lot

must be can't have to be

of weight.

Silvia is a terrible singer – she

won the singing competition!

London is known

Janet left half an hour ago; she

one of the most expensive cities in the world.

home by now.

Luis

two identical jumpers for his birthday.

There are two extra phrases.

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Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.

Change, add or delete only one or two words.

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Read and choose.

A I've lost my phone! I

have left it on the bus.

B Oh

, that is a problem.

A Last weekend we couldn't find our cat. We thought she

run over by a car.

B How

! You must have been very worried.

A You know, in the past, being left-handed was

to be

unnatural.

B That

have been easy for left-handed people.

A In some countries black cats are

to be unlucky.

B Yes, but in other countries they are

as bringers

of good luck.

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Read and complete.

Use a passive report structure of the words in brackets.

Roald Amundsen

to have been the first man to reach the

South Pole. (know)

The climbers

to be halfway up the mountain. (believe)

The space probe

to arrive on Mars in six years'

time. (expect)

to have died in 1662. (say)

The last dodo on Earth

The jug in the museum

to be more than a thousand

years old. (think)

The last mammoths

to have lived on an island near

Siberia. (know)

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Look, read and match.

Roald Amundsen is known to have been the first man to reach the South Pole.

The climbers are believed to be halfway up the mountains.

The space probe is expected to arrive on Mars in six years' time.

The last dodo on Earth is said to have died in 1662.

The jug in the museum is thought to be more than a thousand years old.

The last mammoths are known to have lived on an island near Siberia.

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Read and complete.

Use a word from section A and a phrase from section B.

Journalist

Inspector

Journalist

Inspector

Journalist

Inspector

Journalist

This evening there was a robbery at a jewellery store in the High

Street. We're talking to Inspector Gordon about it. Inspector, do

you already have a suspect?

We do. The principal suspect is George Atkinson, a man who

said

connections with

criminals in the east end of the city.

And did he act alone?

No. It appears there were two accomplices in the crime – they

thought

Atkinson's

brother and brother-in-law. They are all dangerous men who

known

guns in the past.

The theft involved an injury to someone in the shop, is that correct?

Unfortunately, yes. A few hours ago, the manager of the shop

thought

in a critical

condition, but an examination has been done and now he

known

only minor

concussion.

That's good news indeed. Thank you, Inspector, and good luck

with your enquiries. Back to the studio.

are

was

are

to have

to have used

to be

to have suffered

to be

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Read and identify the direct object and the indirect object in each sentence.

Direct object

Indirect object

They gave the child some medicine.

They offered the students free books.

The newsagent showed Penny the new magazine.

Someone promised a room with a view to Kenneth.

The police didn't give any information to the reporters.

Someone sent me a strange email.

The bank manager offered her a job.

They sold faulty goods to their customers.

The company gave excellent conditions to their employees.

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Rewrite the sentences.

Use the passive. Use the passive and use the person as the subject.

Someone offered me a cup of coffee.

Someone showed the photos to Jim.

They promised Jackie a part in the new play.

People ask film stars a lot of questions.

Someone gave Michael a horrible tie for his birthday.

People are going to pay the inventor a lot of money for her idea.

Someone sent an advertisement for sports equipment to my grandmother.

They offered my school a new IT centre.

No one told him the truth.

They didn't give the customers a refund.

The company didn't offer good benefits to the employees.

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Read and correct.

All of the sentences contain an error.

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GET IT RIGHT!

Passive

When using the passive learners often use the wrong tense. They also sometimes use the infinitive instead of the past participle.

✓

We're all happy now that a decision has been taken.

✗

We're all happy now that a decision is taken.

✓

This picture had been taken 3 years before.

✗

This picture had been take 3 years before.

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Complete the crossword.

Some sand _____ in the Sahara Desert occasionally have snow on them.

The Grand _____ in Arizona, USA was carved out of the rock by the Colorado river over many thousands of years.

In 2010 a _____ in Iceland erupted and caused a lot of problems for planes.

There are three very high _____ at Niagara on the border between Canada and the USA.

The Himalayas are a _____ _____ in Asia.

About 1,000 people live in floating villages in Ha Long _____, in Vietnam.

Visitors to Antarctica can see the Lambert _____. It's the biggest ice formation in the world.

There are over 1,500 different species of fish in the Great Barrier_____in Australia.

5 & 7

1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9

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Read and choose.

It's cruel to

fun of other people.

Dad

a deal with the neighbour to share the path.

My little brother loves

the fool.

Robert is very shy and finds it hard to

friends.

I've already

a lot of research for my project, but it isn't

Lia was

into the river!

The teacher told Jack's mother that he had

good progress

that month.

It can be irritating sometimes.

finished yet.

photos when she stepped back and slipped

I'd understand more easily if you

me more examples.

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Read and complete.

What examples of bravery can you

What is the longest journey you have ever

What advice would you

If you had to

What's the best joke you have ever

What would you

a complaint about in a restaurant?

to a friend who has just failed an exam?

a speech in public, how would you feel?

on someone?

Use verbs in the correct form.

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Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

Use collocations from the Wordlist to help you.

Do you hope for something on your birthday?

(WISH)

Do you

on your birthday?

I think that I am getting better at the piano.

(PROGRESS)

I think

the piano.

Sally tried hard to reach the top shelf.

(EFFORT)

Sally

the top shelf.

She said that she wasn't happy about the food.

(COMPLAINT)

She

the food.

Matthew accepted Kelly's offer of a lift home.

(ADVANTAGE)

Matthew

of a lift home.

I forgot Jo's birthday, so to compensate, I took her out for dinner.

(AMENDS)

I forgot Jo's birthday,

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research

Wordlist

a photograph exercise advice

a journey

an exam

a decision revenge

a joke advantage of a test

a part

the fool

a joke

a role

exercise

a deal

a favour

an exam

research

good

a test

advice

a speech

money

an example

a test

make

take

play

give

friends

a deal

a journey

a speech progress

a wish

an effort

a decision money

an example a joke

a complaint amends

fun of

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Read and match the places with the statements.

Drilling here has helped us to get a record of the Earth's environment.

Many of them are in China.

Many people are known to have died on expeditions here.

New species of insects and plants have been found here.

One example (Voronya) is in Georgia.

Only 2% has been explored.

People who live here live mostly near the coast.

We know more about the solar system than this place.

A Caves

B The Mariana Trench

C The Amazon rainforest

D Greenland

E Deserts

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Our undiscovered world

Over the centuries, we have discovered more and more about our world, and it's easy to think that everything that could be discovered already has been. But that's not true – the world holds many more secrets, secrets that are waiting to be revealed. Here we discuss five places that have yet to be opened up completely.

Caves

Deep, dark, cold and often uninhabitable: caves remain one of the least explored and least documented places on Earth. The deepest known cave in the world is Voronya Cave in the central Asian country of Georgia, which is so inaccessible and inhospitable that very little is known about it.

The exact number of caves on Earth is yet to be determined. Caving is a very popular activity in Europe, Australia, and the United States, so most of the caves currently documented are from those parts of the world. However, thousands of caves are also thought to exist in China. Most of these remain unexplored.

The Mariana Trench

The deepest and darkest place in the ocean is the

11,000-metre-deep Mariana Trench. Due to freezing

temperatures and immense water pressure, the deep

ocean is totally hostile to humans. Although technological

advances have led to the discovery of many new varieties

of deep-sea creature on the ocean floor, there is a lot

more to be learnt. In fact only 2% of the ocean floor has

been explored. More is known about our solar system than about our oceans. But of course, as further studies are conducted, we will understand more about life in harsh ocean conditions.

The Amazon rainforest

The Amazon rainforest is said to comprise around 50%

of all of the rainforests in the world. Its vast biodiversity

supports a huge number of species of plants, and over

2,000 species of birds and mammals are known to live

there. Interest in its climate and resources has resulted

in many large exploratory expeditions. However, due

to its inaccessibility, full exploration of the region has been almost impossible. Up to now, something in the region of 2.5 million insect species and 400,000 plant species have been officially documented, but tens of thousands more are believed to live there, waiting to be found.

Greenland

About 81% of Greenland is covered in ice, so it is almost

completely unpopulated and the relatively small number of

people who do live there tend to live only on the ice-free

coast. Greenland has only been explored to a limited

extent, as the climate is quite unsuitable for human life. Although research expeditions are currently being carried out in the northern parts of the country, the most interesting research in Greenland might tell us more about the past than the present. Tubes of ice have been drilled out of the deepest ancient ice, giving scientists a record of the Earth's environment that goes back thousands of years.

Deserts

Although we know where all the Earth's deserts are, they

are among the most unwelcoming environments for human

beings, so very few explorations have been conducted. It

is virtually impossible to survive long periods of time in

the desert, and consequently desert explorations have

frequently had tragic outcomes – many people are known

to have died on such expeditions. It's unclear whether anything of particular interest would be uncovered by further investigations into deserts, although there are animal and plant species there which are distinctive because they have developed to survive in very high temperatures and with very little water.

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Look at the photographs.

What do you think the blog is about?

Someone hid some money in an old building.

Someone paid a lot of money for an old house.

Someone found money in an old house.

Someone found treasure while building a house.

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When we hear the word 'exploration', we tend to think of people going off into deserted parts of the world, places like caves or deserts or ice-fields. But for a lot of people, exploration means finding out more about the town or city where they live: urban exploration (or UE). And the idea is that, instead of exploring the natural world, people start to explore man-made structures in cities, especially those places that city-dwellers usually don't get to see.

What kinds of places? Well, all kinds of places but often tunnels underground, old ruined buildings, or any kind of abandoned structure. Curiosity takes the explorers there and often, they record them by taking photos. Many urban explorers make a point of posting their photos on social media sites, and a lot of the photos are fantastic and attract a following.

It's also the case, of course, that unexpected things can happen. One example is from 2014 in Ontario, Canada. An urban explorer and photographer called Dave heard about a derelict house, and decided to go in to take photos, since this is what he loves doing. He moved around the house, taking photos of the rooms and the possessions that had been left behind. Then something caught his eye. In the corner of a bed, under an old mattress, something was sticking out. When Dave investigated, it turned out to be a bag, and inside the bag was about $7,000 in old American and Canadian bank notes. Some of the bundles of money had handwritten notes with dates from the 60s and 70s on them.

One of the principles of urban exploration is: 'take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints'. So Dave had some more exploring to do – to try to find the owner of the money. He did some research into the house and who had owned it, and ended up making a phone call. The woman who answered the phone turned out to be the granddaughter of the last people to have lived in the house. Her grandparents had owned a fruit stall in Ontario, and kept their money under a mattress – and somehow, it had been forgotten. Dave gave the money to the woman, who was so grateful she cried.

Urban exploration can be a dangerous business – going into ruined buildings, or old tunnels, brings risks, and there have been instances of explorers being killed by, for example, falling off a roof or being hit by an underground train. It is also sometimes illegal – urban explorers, in their search for places where people never go and where they can take photos from angles that no one else has done, often end up going into places where they are not allowed to go. UE can uncover hidden treasure and bring joy, but it's important also to note that it can get explorers into a lot of trouble, both through physical risks and through the law.

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Read and choose.

Label the paragraphs with the information.

Ann Bancroft

Ann Bancroft is an American writer and explorer. She was born in Minnesota and grew up in what she called a family of risk-takers. She became a PE teacher and then a wilderness instructor.

In 1986 she got the chance to join an expedition to the North Pole, so she gave up her teaching job and went. After 56 days she became the first woman to

get to the North Pole, walking and using a dog-sled. Later she became the first woman ever to get to both the North Pole and the South Pole, crossing the polar ice-caps to do so. Then she was the first woman to ski across Greenland.

Something special about her expeditions

Conclusion / summary of main point of interest about her

Introduction to the person / background

Main achievements

Bancroft often does expeditions with all-women teams – for example, in 1993 she took a group of women on skis to the South Pole. In 2001, she skied across

Antarctica with Liv Arnesen.

However, she doesn't only go to cold places. In 2015 she took a group – all women, of course – to India, walking along the river Ganges from the Himalaya

mountains to the Bay of Bengal, in order to bring attention to the world's water problems. People could follow the expedition online. It was another example

of Bancroft's desire to use her expeditions to educate people about the environment.

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Listen and choose.

Which two options does Mike give in support of space exploration?

We might find gases and minerals that aren't on Earth and that could help us.

We could develop places in space for people to live.

We might find intelligent life that could help us with our problems.

We could build stations in space to grow food for people on Earth.

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Read and put in order.

Arnie

Emma

Well, perhaps you should be a little more open-minded. I tell you what – I'd like to see it again, so why don't you come with me? I'll pay.

We went to see that new film last night. It was really good.

Yes, OK, but a film's more than just one actor, isn't it? Maybe you didn't like those films for other reasons.

Really? Just because you don't like one of the actors?

Yes, really. I've seen lots of films with him in and I didn't like any of them.

The one with Mark Wahlberg? I don't like him. I don't want to see it.

OK, you've persuaded me. But if I don't like it, I'll leave in the middle.

Well, maybe – I mean, you could be right. But I'm still not going to see it.

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Read and put in order.

Grace

Billy

Oh but you should consider it, Billy. All you've got to do is read a book every two weeks. That's not much, is it?

Have you heard about the new club at school? The book club?

You know, I heard about an app for slow readers – you put it on your phone and it helps you start to read faster. Maybe that would help you. What do you think?

Absolutely. You know I love reading, and I love talking! Are you going to join?

Yeah, I heard about it. Have you joined it?

Now that sounds like a great idea. I'll go and look for it now. And then maybe I'll join the club!

Well, maybe not for you, but I'm a slow reader – a book a fortnight, that's a lot for me.

No, no way. It's really not the kind of thing I'm into, you know.

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Listen and choose.

Here are six things that the students say. Choose Girl or Boy to show who says them.

To my mind

That's because

I'm not sure I agree

My own view is that ...

Absolutely

I couldn't agree more

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Listen and choose.

Choose the places where the urban explorer has taken photos.

in a train

in an underground tunnel

at the top of a bridge

from a moving car

in an empty office building

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Listen and choose.

Josie doesn't know what 'urban exploration' is.

The photos in the tunnel were taken in

the daytime.

The explorer took photos at the top of a

railway bridge.

Josie thought Mark would be interested in

urban exploration.

Mark thinks urban exploration would allow

him to do different types of photography.

The explorer does his exploring on his own.

The explorer uses a fictional name on his

website.

Mark decides he still wants to do urban

exploration.

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

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Read and match.

How often do you see your cousins?

So, was the film really exciting?

The food was fantastic, wasn't it?

How can I help you understand?

Hello, can I help you?

She's very practical, isn't she?

Why shouldn't I swim out there?

How come you got wet?

Yes, it was out of this world.

Well, give me another example of what you mean.

Yes, very down to earth.

Well, there's a dangerous reef just below the surface.

Oh, only once in a blue moon.

I got too close to the waterfall.

Yes. I want to make a complaint.

Absolutely – it was action-packed.

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Read and choose.

We've been working all day but we haven't

The view from the top of the mountain was

It was really great news – I was over the

Let's

Let me

It was really hard to believe – very

Come on, it's easy – it isn't rocket

I need to find a way to

much progress.

advantage of the good weather and go for a walk.

you some advice.

amends with Charlotte.

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Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets.

Do not change the word in brackets.

It is possible that they'll come.

He was absent from school. He had a bad cold.

The earthquake destroyed the house.

I'm 100% sure that he will win.

It's not possible that you tried your hardest.

It's probable that there will be bad weather at the weekend.

My grandparents gave me some money.

People think that the president is doing a good job.

(THOUGHT)

(GIVEN)

(LIKELY)

(CAN'T)

(BOUND)

(BY)

(DUE)

(MIGHT)

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Read and complete.

Danny

Flo

Danny

Flo

Danny

Flo

Danny

Have you heard they're planning to build a factory near the coast?

No! How

to make room for it – including my grandmother's house.

are going to be pretty bad I think. If people

But some people don't seem to care. I tried to talk to some of my

. I think it's

Great. I knew you'd understand, Flo!

a shame

the consequences

terrible

vitally important

poor

don't act

I know. And I also heard that they're thinking of buying people's houses

her!

round here

friends but they're not interested.

! It'll spoil the coastline completely.

soon, they'll just go ahead with it.

What

to do something. Come on, let's sit down and get some ideas together.

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